青藏高原近30年来现代冰川的演化特征
张瑞江,方洪宾,赵福岳
中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083
The Evolution of Existing Glaciers in the Past 30 Years in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
ZHANG Rui-Jiang, FANG Hong-Bin, ZHAO Fu-Yue
China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources, Beijing 100083, China
摘要 青藏高原现代冰川总的演化特征是面积在不断缩小,厚度在不断减薄,冰储量在不断降低。冰川演化具有阶段性、地域性不同的特点
。从20世纪60年代末期至80年代末期,青藏高原现代冰川的面积稍有增加,因为增加的冰川很少。从20世纪80年代末期开始,青藏高原现代
冰川面积明显减少,减少的速度也在加快,尤其是毗邻塔里木盆地的冰川分布区及喜马拉雅山地区。青藏高原不同山系现代冰川的演化也不
同——帕米尔高原现代冰川面积的减少最为明显,其次是喜马拉雅山和祁连山等地; 羌塘高原和昆仑山地区现代冰川的面积减少较小; 其
他山系现代冰川面积的减少介于二者之间。
关键词 :
遥感 ,
TM图像 ,
专家模型
Abstract : Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a region with the largest area of glaciers in China and is hence called the water tower
of Asia. The glaciers supply lots of water source for the rivers in China and Southeast Asia. The key characteristics of
glacier evolution in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are their incessant area shrinkage, continuous thinning of their thickness and
ceaseless reduction of their ice reserves. The evolution of glaciers varies at different stages and in different places.
From the end of 1960’s to the end of 1980’s, the area of glaciers increased slightly due to the slight increase of
glaciers. Since the end of 1980’s, the area of glaciers has shrunk sharply, and their decreasing speed is faster than ever
before, especially in the districts around Tarim Basin and Himalaya Mountains. The area reduction of existing glaciers in
Pamirs Plateau is the largest in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The area reduction of existing glaciers in Himalaya and Qilian
Mountains are also rather considerable. The area reduction of existing glaciers in Qiangtang Plateau and Kunlun Mountains
are relatively small.
Key words :
Remote sensing
Landsat TM image
Knowledge model
收稿日期: 2010-04-21
出版日期: 2010-11-13
基金资助: 中国地质调查局地质调查项目“青藏高原生态地质环境遥感调查与监测”(编号: 1212010510218)。
通讯作者:
张瑞江(1966-),男,教授级高级工程师,主要从事遥感地质研究。
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