利用云—气溶胶激光雷达和红外探路者卫星(cloud-aerosol LiDAR and infrared pathfinder satellite observations,CALIPSO)搭载的云—气溶胶正交极化激光雷达(cloud-aerosol LiDAR with orthogonal polarization,CALIOP)(CALIPSO/CALIOP)数据、海洋与气象学多功能卫星(communication ocean and meteorological satellite,COMS)搭载的地球同步海洋水色成像仪(geostationary ocean color imager,GOCI)(COMS/GOCI)数据以及CE318太阳光度计数据,结合混合单粒子拉格朗日综合轨迹(hybrid single particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory,HYSPLIT)后向轨迹模式和地面气象资料,对长江三角洲(简称“长三角”)地区2013年12月1—9日发生的一次严重雾霾事件的形成、特征及污染来源进行了分析。结果表明,雾霾期间气溶胶粒子主要位于低层大气(2 km高度以下),气溶胶层内球形气溶胶所占比例高于非球形气溶胶,细粒径气溶胶所占比例高于粗粒径气溶胶; CE318数据和HYSPLIT模式的分析结果都表明,此次雾霾事件不仅受到当地气溶胶排放的影响,还受到外来源气溶胶的影响,而雾霾期间长三角地区持续弱风、高相对湿度和无降水也是造成此次长时间、大范围严重雾霾污染的主要原因。
A severe haze pollution occurred in the Yangtze River Delta during December 1 st-9 th, 2013. The formation, characteristics and potential sources of this haze pollution were explored by using the aerosol products of CALIPSO/CALIOP and COMS/GOCI satellite data, CE318 sun photometer, ground meteorological data and HYSPLIT backward trajectory model. The six typical cities of the Yangtze River Delta were dominated by this haze pollution. The air quality was in severe pollution and the air quality index (AQI) and the value of PM2.5 were higher than those of usual case. The analysis of CALIPSO/CALIOP satellite data indicated that the aerosol mainly existed in the level from the ground to 2 km above, the proportion of spherical aerosol in haze aerosol was higher than that of non-spherical aerosol, and the proportion of large size aerosol particles in haze aerosol was higher than that of small aerosol particles. The analysis results of the CE318 data and HYSPLIT model show that this haze pollution was not only influenced by the local aerosol emissions but also influenced by the outer sources of aerosols, and such factors as continuous low wind speed,high relative humidity and no precipitation during the haze pollution led to the widespread, long-time and severe pollution event in the Yangtze River Delta.
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