基于移动窗口法雄安新区湿地景观演变及其与人为干扰间的关系

doi:10.6046/gtzyyg.2019.02.20

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湿地生态系统与森林、海洋并称为地球三大生态系统,是地球上最重要的生态系统之一。近些年来,随着人类活动与城市发展的影响,湿地生态系统安全受到巨大的威胁。开展湿地景观演变与人为干扰的关系研究,对雄安新区湿地生态环境的保护具有重要意义。本文利用20世纪80年代末(1980s)—2015年间7期土地利用数据,基于移动窗口法分析雄安新区湿地景观演变时空分异及其与人为干扰的关系研究。研究结果表明,1980s—2015年间雄安新区湿地景观时空格局发生了较大的变化。从时间上看,湿地面积整体呈现减少的趋势,湿地破碎化程度逐渐增加,斑块形状变化复杂,连接度减小; 从空间分布格局看,2000年以后湿地景观斑块个数增加,中部和东北部湿地破碎度逐渐增加,从中部湿地核心区向边缘破碎度逐渐增加。1980s—2015年间雄安新区人为干扰度整体呈现减少的趋势,其中1980s—2000年间人为干扰强度在西南部和中部有所减弱; 2000—2015年间人为干扰度呈现先增加后减少的趋势,新时期下由于湿地保护政策的实行,湿地发展转向低强度可持续利用发展阶段,湿地周边区域受建设用地扩张的影响,人为干扰度增强,人为干扰度与湿地分布具有良好的对应关系。

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	吕金霞
	蒋卫国
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	刘颖慧
	邓越
	王晓雅

关键词 ：雄安新区, 湿地, 人为干扰, 移动窗口法

Abstract：

Wetland, one of the most important ecosystems on Earth, is well known as belonging to three major ecosystems together with forest and ocean. In recent years, wetland ecosystems have been threatened by the impact of human activities and urban development. It is of great significance to carry out the study of the relationship between wetland landscape evolution and human disturbance and to protect the ecological environment of wetland in Xiong’an New Area. In this paper, the authors analyzed the wetland landscape evolution and the response to human disturbance in Xiong’an New Area based on the moving window landscape method by using the land use data from the late 1980s to 2015. Some conclusions have been reached: From the 1980s to 2015, wetland landscape changed in Xiong’an New Area. From the time series, the wetland area showed a decrease trend mainly and wetland fragmentation increased gradually. The patch shape became complicated and the degree of connection was reduced. From the spatial distribution pattern, after the year of 2000, the wetlands fragmentation gradually increased in the central and northeastern area, and the fragmentation from the core area of the central wetlands to the edge gradually increased. From the 1980s to 2015, human disturbances showed a decreased trend mainly. The human disturbance decreased in the central and southwestern area from the 1980s to 2000. From 2000 to 2015, the human disturbance increased and then slowed down, which indicated that the wetland had shifted to the low intensity and sustainable development under the implementation of wetland protection policies. The human disturbance of the surrounding areas was affected by the expansion of construction land. The human disturbance has a good correspondence with wetland distribution.

Key words： Xiong’an New Area; wetland human disturbance the moving window method

收稿日期: 2018-02-07 出版日期: 2019-05-23

TP79

基金资助:国家重点研发计划重点专项项目“湿地与关键物种栖息地生态修复技术”(2016YFC0503002);国家自然科学基金项目“城市湿地空间退化模拟及风险防范研究”(41571077);地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室开放基金项目“芦苇湿地景观‘面积-结构-功能’退化的生态内涵解析研究”(2017KF08);中国人保财险灾害研究基金项目“雄安新区城市易涝点现场调查”共同资助(D20-01)

作者简介: 吕金霞(1994-),女,硕士,研究方向为湿地退化风险与可恢复性评价。Email: lvjinxia@mail.bnu.edu.cn。

引用本文:

吕金霞, 蒋卫国, 王文杰, 刘颖慧, 邓越, 王晓雅. 基于移动窗口法雄安新区湿地景观演变及其与人为干扰间的关系[J]. 国土资源遥感, 2019, 31(2): 140-148.
Jinxia LYU, Weiguo JIANG, Wenjie WANG, Yinghui LIU, Yue DENG, Xiaoya WANG. Wetland landscape evolution and its relation to human disturbance in Xiong’an New Area based on the moving window method. Remote Sensing for Land & Resources, 2019, 31(2): 140-148.

链接本文:

https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/gtzyyg.2019.02.20 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2019/V31/I2/140

Fig.1 2015年雄安新区土地利用图

类型	景观指数	公式	取值范围
斑块面积指数	NP	NP=N, 式中N为景观中斑块的总数	NP≥1,无上限
	PD	PD=N/A, 式中A为景观总面积,即100 hm²的斑块数	PD>0,无上限
	LPI	$LPI = max (a 1, …, a i, …, a n) / A$ , 式中a_i为景观中第i个斑块的面积,1≤i≤n	0<LPI≤100
边界形状指数	PAFRAC	$PAFRAC = 2 ln (P / k) / ln (A)$ , 式中: P为斑块的周长; k为常数,对于栅格景观而言,k=4	1≤PAFRAC≤2
香农多样性指数	SHDI	$SHDI = - ∑ i = 1 m [P i ln (P i)]$ , 式中: P_i为景观类型i所占面积的比例; m为景观中的斑块类型总数目	0<SHDI≤100
构型指数	AI	$AI=[\sum_{i=1}^{m}(\frac{g_{ii}}{{max}\mathop{}_{\to}^{g_{ii}}})P_{i}](100)$, 式中g_ii为相应景观类型的相似邻接斑块数量	0<AI≤100
构型指数	CONTAG	$CONTAG = 1 + ∑ i = 1 m ∑ k = 1 m (P i) g ik ∑ k = 1 m g ik ln (P i) g ik ∑ k = 1 m g ik 2 ln (m) (100)$ , 式中g_ik 为i类型斑块和k类型斑块毗邻的数目	0<CONTAG≤100

Tab.1 景观格局指数

Tab.2 景观类型人为干扰度赋值

Fig.2 雄安新区湿地类型分布

Fig.3 1980s—2015年雄安新区湿地景观格局指数

Fig.4 雄安新区湿地斑块个数NP空间分布

Fig.5 雄安新区湿地周长面积分维数PAFRAC空间分布

Fig.6 雄安新区湿地香农多样性指数SHDI空间分布

Fig.7 雄安新区湿地蔓延度指数CONTAG空间分布

Fig.8 雄安新区人为干扰度空间分布

Fig.9 1980s—2015年雄安新区人为干扰度变化

Fig.10 1985—2015年雄安新区年均降雨量和气温变化

Fig.11 1985—2015年雄安新区人为干扰因素变化

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