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国土资源遥感  2019, Vol. 31 Issue (3): 1-9    DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2019.03.01
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高分辨率光学卫星图像目标运动信息提取研究综述
李想1,2,3, 杨灿坤1,2,3(), 周春平1, 李小娟1,2,3, 张可1,2,3
1. 首都师范大学北京成像技术高精尖创新中心,北京 100048
2. 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京 100048
3. 首都师范大学三维 信息获取与应用教育部重点实验室,北京 100048
A review of target motion information extraction from high-resolution optical satellite images
Xiang LI1,2,3, Cankun YANG1,2,3(), Chunping ZHOU1, Xiaojuan LI1,2,3, Ke ZHANG1,2,3
1. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
2. College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
3. Key Lab of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, Ministry of Education,Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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摘要 

目标运动信息提取技术是指利用卫星遥感检测地面移动目标并估计其运动参数,在智能交通、军事遥感等方面应用广泛,是遥感图像应用的重要方向之一。高分辨率光学卫星图像中动目标的纹理特征更明显,包含的信息更丰富,是大范围目标运动特征研究的良好数据。首先,总结了光学卫星图像动目标研究进展; 然后,将高分辨率光学卫星图像目标运动信息提取过程分为动目标检测和运动参数估计2部分,并分别进行算法综述; 除已有算法外,还介绍了基于序列全色卫星图像的新型动目标检测方法的原理与思路; 最后,分析了已有研究在数据源和算法方面的不足,指出目标运动信息提取向自动化、智能化、实时化发展的趋势。

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李想
杨灿坤
周春平
李小娟
张可
关键词 高分辨率遥感光学卫星图像多模态传感器全色波段动目标检测运动参数估计    
Abstract

The target motion information extraction technology described in this paper uses satellite remote sensing to detect ground moving targets and estimate its motion parameters. It is one of the important application directions of remote sensing images and has been widely used in traffic monitoring and military remote sensing. As an excellent tool for the study of large-scale target motion characteristics, the high-resolution optical satellite image has more obvious texture features and richer information. After summarizing the research progress of moving targets in optical satellite imagery, this paper describes the methods of moving target detection and motion parameter estimation according to the process of target motion information extraction from high-resolution optical satellite image. Meanwhile, the principle and ideas of a novel method which is based on sequence panchromatic satellite images to detect moving target are introduced. In the end, based on analyzing the weaknesses of existing target motion information extraction research in data source and algorithm, it is pointed out that the target motion information extraction is developing towards automation, intellectualization and real-time.

Key wordshigh-resolution remote sensing    optical satellite images    multi-modality sensor    panchromatic band    moving target detection    motion parameter estimation
收稿日期: 2018-05-17      出版日期: 2019-08-30
:  TP79  
基金资助:北京成像技术高精尖创新中心项目“多模态传感器基元程控成像技术与应用”资助
通讯作者: 杨灿坤
作者简介: 李 想(1995-),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为遥感图像处理、计算机视觉、动目标检测。Email: lixiang19950120@163.com.。
引用本文:   
李想, 杨灿坤, 周春平, 李小娟, 张可. 高分辨率光学卫星图像目标运动信息提取研究综述[J]. 国土资源遥感, 2019, 31(3): 1-9.
Xiang LI, Cankun YANG, Chunping ZHOU, Xiaojuan LI, Ke ZHANG. A review of target motion information extraction from high-resolution optical satellite images. Remote Sensing for Land & Resources, 2019, 31(3): 1-9.
链接本文:  
https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/gtzyyg.2019.03.01      或      https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2019/V31/I3/1
Fig.1  高分辨率光学卫星图像动目标检测的主要方法
算法名称 算法描述 参考文献
队列分离法 针对可成队列的动目标,先提取线特征队列,再根据目标特点分割队列 [24-26]
梯度阈值法 使用一阶梯度表示局部变化,为梯度图像自动选择阈值进行图像分割 [4]
贝叶斯背景变换法 背景变换使其亮度特性与当前图像匹配,基于当前图像与变换后背景图像差异,采用贝叶斯法则计算每一像素运动的概率,选择合适的概率阈值将车辆目标分割 [4]
模板匹配法 提前根据动目标实际形状特征建立模型,自动匹配寻找动目标 [27-28]
机器学习法 从同类图像中目视提取动目标训练样本,根据样本特征寻找动目标 [5,29-31]
Tab.1  全色波段图像的动目标检测方法
算法名称 算法描述 优点 缺点 参考文献
目视解译法 使用传统的目视解译方法,根据地物形状、纹理等特征检测动目标 准确 非自动检测,工作量大 [6,33-37]
面向对象法 对象分割软件凭经验选择合适的分割尺度,分割出图像中的动目标,并进一步区分 快速 分割会出现不准确状况,需要人工参与 [10-11,38-40]
减背景法 背景重建采用原始图像开运算腐蚀动目标的方法,背景与图像做差求取动目标 快速,全自动检测 背景重建不准确,易漏检 [20,41]
梯度图像匹配法 在全色图像中手动标定动目标的中心,采用依赖梯度匹配方法在多光谱图像中寻找对应的动目标 准确,不会漏检 半自动检测,需要人工参与 [42]
Tab.2  多波段图像的动目标检测方法
算法名称 算法描述 优点 缺点 参考文献
减背景法 多帧图像背景建模,当前帧与背景图做差提取动目标 准确,高效,自动化程度高 背景建模复杂,不易计算 [19,43-45]
帧差法 相邻两帧或三帧差分求取动目标 快速,自动化程度高 当目标运动速度过慢时,会出现目标空洞 [19,44]
光流法 采用光流法计算角点的光流矢量确定动目标的运动状况 准确,全自动检测 运算复杂 [46]
Tab.3  卫星视频的动目标检测方法
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