Oil slick thickness is a key parameter in estimating oil spill volume. In order to determine the feasibility of detecting oil slick thickness on water surface by Landsat TM/ETM remote sensing, the authors used heavy crude oil, light crude oil, diesel oil and gasoline as experimental oils, quartz brine as a simulated solar light source, ASD Field Spec 3 portable spectrometer as a detection instrument, and carried out oil film simulation with different thicknesses and pectral measurement experiments. By calculating the correlation coefficient of oil slick thickness and its reflectance in the range from 350 to 2 500 nm, four characteristic response spectra for heavy crude oil, seven characteristic response spectra for light crude oil, six characteristic response spectra for diesel oil and four characteristic response spectra for gasoline were determined. For Landsat TM/ETM data,characteristic multispectral indices were found by scatter plot of oil slicks thickness-multispectral indices (band reflectance and band ratio), and oil slick thickness estimation model was established. For heavy crude oil, band B4 and band ratio B4/B5 are better spectral indices; for light oil, band ratio B1/B2 and B1/B3 are good spectral indicators; for diesel fuel, band B1, B2 and band ratio B1/B2, B1/B3, B1/B4, B2/B3, B2/B4 and B3/B4 are good spectral indicators; for gasoline, all spectral indicators have segmentation characteristics, with no good spectral indicators. The results show that the Landsat TM/ETM has the capability of detecting the oil slick thickness of heavy crude oil, light crude oil and diesel oil on the water surface, and thus can be used to estimate the oil spill volume on the water surface.
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