基于烃类微渗漏的油气异常信息提取及远景区预测——以中非Salamat盆地为例

doi:10.6046/gtzyyg.2019.04.16

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摘要

油气田中烃类物质渗漏引起的物质变异可以通过遥感手段进行探测。与传统的油气勘探方法相比,遥感技术具有无侵入、大面积、高效、低成本等特点,尤其在地形、地貌环境复杂险恶的地区优势明显。为进一步研究遥感油气探测技术,以烃类微渗漏理论为基础,采用去串扰、大气校正、波段比值、主成分分析和单窗算法处理中非Salamat盆地的ASTER数据,提取了黏土类、碳酸盐类、二价铁离子类矿物蚀变信息和亮度温度值。结果表明,上述几种矿物强蚀变信息和地表高温异常信息主要分布在研究区中部和南部,即中部隆起带和南部洼陷带含油气可能性高。结合已有地质、地震和物化探资料,圈定了5处油气远景区,可为下一步油气勘探提供参考依据。

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	肖晨超
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关键词 ：烃类微渗漏, 矿物蚀变信息, 亮度温度, 油气远景区预测, ASTER数据, Salamat盆地

Abstract：

Anomaly information caused by hydrocarbon seepage in oil-gas fields can be detected by remote sensing technology. Compared with traditional oil and gas exploration methods,remote sensing technology has many advantages in getting information from long range, large-area mapping, high efficiency and low cost, especially in areas with complex terrain and geomorphological environment. Based on the hydrocarbon microseepage theory, the mineral alteration information such as clays, carbonates, ferrous ion and brightness temperature were respectively extracted by methods of crosstalk correction, atmospheric correction, band ratio, principal component analysis and mono-window algorithm with the ASTER data in Salamat Basin of Central Africa. The results show that the above-mentioned several types of strong mineral alteration information and high temperature anomaly information are mainly distributed in the central and southern part of the study area, namely, the central uplift zone and the southern depression zone are highly likely to contain hydrocarbons. Combined with existing geological, seismic, geophysical and geochemical data, five oil-gas prospecting areas were delineated, which can provide theoretical direction for the further oil-gas exploration.

Key words： hydrocarbon microseepage mineral alteration information brightness temperature oil-gas target prediction ASTER data Salamat Basin

收稿日期: 2018-10-11 出版日期: 2019-12-03

TP79

基金资助:自然资源部公益性行业科研专项“国产业务卫星遥感地质信息产品研发与服务”(201511078);成都信息工程大学引进人才启动项目“基于高光谱遥感数据的油气微渗漏异常信息提取关键技术研究”共同资助(KYTZ201745)

通讯作者: 吴小娟

作者简介: 肖晨超(1982-),男,博士,主要从事国产卫星业务化应用、灾害遥感、3S集成应用方面研究。Email: xcc_surpass@qq.com。

引用本文:

肖晨超, 吴小娟, 汪大明, 褚永彬. 基于烃类微渗漏的油气异常信息提取及远景区预测——以中非Salamat盆地为例[J]. 国土资源遥感, 2019, 31(4): 120-127.
Chenchao XIAO, Xiaojuan WU, Daming WANG, Yongbin CHU. Oil-gas information extraction and prospective area prediction based on hydrocarbon microseepage theory: A case study of Salamat Basin in Central Africa. Remote Sensing for Land & Resources, 2019, 31(4): 120-127.

链接本文:

https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/gtzyyg.2019.04.16 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2019/V31/I4/120

Fig.1 研究区位置及Salamat盆地构造示意图

Fig.2 油气藏烃类微渗漏模型^[18]

Fig.3 黏土类、碳酸盐类和二价铁离子类矿物标准波谱曲线(USGS)

Fig.4 研究区ASTER B3(R),B2(G),B1(B)假彩色合成图像

Tab.1 干扰信息去除方法

Fig.5 研究区黏土类、碳酸盐类和二价铁离子类矿物蚀变异常信息

Fig.6 研究区亮度温度分布

Fig.7 亮度温度数值统计

Fig.8 黏土类、二价铁离子类矿物蚀变信息与亮度温度信息假彩色合成影像及油气远景区预测

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