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国土资源遥感  2020, Vol. 32 Issue (3): 1-7    DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2020.03.01
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溢油阻尼散射机制遥感监测研究进展
刘玉芳1(), 邹亚荣2,3(), 梁超2,3
1.航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司,北京 100195
2.国家卫星海洋应用中心,北京 100081
3.自然资源部空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室,北京 100081
Progress in remote sensing detection of oil spill damping mechanism
LIU Yufang1(), ZOU Yarong2,3(), LIANG Chao2,3
1. PIESAT Information Technology Company, Beijing 100195, China
2. National Ocean Satellite Application Center, MNR, Beijing 100081, China
3. Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
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摘要 

溢油是海洋环境的主要污染源之一,及早监测与发现对保护海洋生态环境具有重要的价值与意义。针对溢油散射机制问题,通过分析基于波浪谱溢油后向散射系数计算研究,综合考虑水体特性、水分子张力、弹性模型及表面张力等因素的研究状况进行了分析,对针对微扰近似解方程,结合水体参数的阻尼作用的研究开展了综述,阐述溢油遥感监测阻尼在与波浪谱结合不紧密以及阻尼的定量计算不够等研究不足问题,并提出了今后溢油遥感监测阻尼的研究在针对海浪谱的阻尼特性、基于波浪谱后向散射系数计算的研究方向,为定量分析溢油的阻尼特性提供技术支撑,从而提高溢油遥感监测的精度。
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刘玉芳
邹亚荣
梁超
关键词 ： 溢油,  阻尼机制,  遥感探测,  进展    
Abstract：

Oil spill is one of the main sources of pollution to the marine environment. Early monitoring of oil spill is very important for marine environment protecting. In this paper, the calculation of radar backscattering based on the wave spectrum was carried out, and a review of the study of the damping ratio of wave spectrum in consideration of the films characteristics, water molecular tension, elastic model and surface tension was carried out. The problem of insufficient research on the damping of the oil spill remote sensing monitoring with the wave spectrum and the quantitative calculation of the damping was discussed. The research on the damping of the oil spill for remote sensing monitoring in the future may be based on the backscattering characteristics of the real ocean wave spectrum under the cover with oil slicks. The research on radar coefficient calculation can provide support for quantitative analysis of the damping characteristics of oil spills, thus improving the accuracy of oil spill remote sensing monitoring.
Key words： oil spill    damping mechanism    remote sensing detection    progress
收稿日期: 2019-10-24      出版日期: 2020-10-09
:  TP79  
基金资助:国家重点研发计划子课题“机器学习支持的复杂典型要素多层次融合技术研究”(2018YFB0505001-04)
通讯作者: 邹亚荣
作者简介: 刘玉芳(1978-),女,硕士,中级工程师,主要研究方向为遥感图像处理和目标识别。Email: 13691093600@163.com。
引用本文:   
刘玉芳, 邹亚荣, 梁超. 溢油阻尼散射机制遥感监测研究进展[J]. 国土资源遥感, 2020, 32(3): 1-7.
LIU Yufang, ZOU Yarong, LIANG Chao. Progress in remote sensing detection of oil spill damping mechanism. Remote Sensing for Land & Resources, 2020, 32(3): 1-7.
链接本文:  
https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/gtzyyg.2020.03.01      或      https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2020/V32/I3/1
作者及年份 采用的近似模型 比较评价
Gill等,2002年[4] 建立了海面雷达散射截面计算模型 对低入射角下海面垂直极化散射计算有效
Hermansson等,2003年[5] SPM近似模型 SPM近似模型仅适用于粗糙度角较小的表面
Chen等,1988年[10]
Thorsos等,1989年[11]
Thorsos,1988年[12]		 使用高斯随机粗糙表面谱及P-M谱研究了K-A模型与SPA模型的适用性 K-A模型与SPA模型只能计算单一粗糙度表面的电磁波散射
Khenchaf,2000年[13] 基于TSM模型开展散射计算 TSM模型尺度划分具有任意性
Voronovich,1985年[14]
Broschat,1993年[15]
Thorsos等,1995年[16]
Broschat等,1997年[17]		 基于SSA模型开展散射计算 SSA模型可以在一种理论框架下适应长、中、小尺度波数区间海面粗糙度下的散射计算
Tab.1  随机粗糙表面的雷达电磁波散射主要研究
作者及年份 模型、方法与主要成果 比较评价
Alpers等,1988年[25]
Htihnerfuss,1986年[27]		 选择适当的物理海洋学模型来描述油膜对海洋表面的调制效果,揭示油膜层的电磁阻尼特性 采用Marangoni理论解释了油膜对海面短重力-毛细波的阻尼作用
Lombardini等,1989年[28] 给出了油膜阻尼比的解析表达式 模型计算与实际测量结果具有较好的一致性
Gade等,1998年[39] 基于Marangoni理论将阻尼比定义为油膜覆盖海面与无油膜覆盖海面黏性阻尼系数的比值,给出了阻尼比近似表达式 计算了3种油膜(OLA,OLME和TOLG)的理论阻尼曲线
Wei等, 1992年[36]
Onstott等,1992年[37]
Cini等,1978年[38].
Gade等,1998年[40,41]		 利用SIR-C/X-SAR任务期间的多次海上油膜实验及其他机载雷达散射计测量数据分析油膜阻尼与环境风速的关系。在阻尼计算中考虑了波动平衡方程各作用项的影响,将油膜的理论阻尼比写成油膜覆盖海面与无油膜海面雷达后向散射截面的比值的形式 Gade等基于阻尼比公式定性分析了多次海上油膜测量实验中实测的油膜阻尼比,提出了不同种类油膜在中(5 m/s)、低(3.5~4 m/s)、高(12 m/s)等不同风速条件下的阻尼变化情况的理论解释,并给出了高风速(大于10 m/s)海况下油膜阻尼比近似计算公式
Ermakov等,1986年[34] 对阻尼比公式进行了发展 Ermakov描述了弹性油膜对表面重力毛细波的作用,Gambardella在此基础上得出了微风及中等风速条件下海面油膜阻尼模型
Tab.2  海面油膜阻尼研究与散射模拟计算主要研究
作者及年代 模型方法 海面谱 成果比较
Franceschetti等,2002年[44] 分布式表面模型 P-M谱 给出了阻尼比率的公式表达,定量描述了油膜物理属性对海面波浪谱的阻尼作用
Nicolas等,2006年[46] PILE模型 统一海浪谱 模拟了海面雷达后向散射截面,并与几何光学近似模型进行对比分析
Nunziata等,2009年[47] 双尺度边界扰动模型 全区间海面谱 能很好地解释和预测表面生物膜散射对比度
Timchenko等, 2002年[45] SPM模型 扩展到整个海面波谱区间的模型 通过数值模拟了油膜覆盖海面雷达后向散射衰减
Ayari等,2010年[48] TSM模型 Elfouhaily统一海浪谱 计算了前向、后向及双基站配置下油膜覆盖海面雷达后向散射截面
Kim等,2016年[51] 微波散射模型和Monte-Carlo模拟 一维粗糙海面 将数值模拟结果与2007年河北Spirit油轮引起海面溢油SAR图像进行了比较
Zheng等,2016年[52] 小扰动模型和传统的双尺度模型 理论模型模拟海面 数值模拟结果与无人机载L波段全极化SAR影像进行比较,表明其理论模型可以用来估算25°~60°入射角下海面微波散射的极化特征
Kim等,2016年[51] Mont-Carlo方法和矩量法 Elfouhaily谱、Durden-Vesecky谱 对比2007年河北Spirit油轮溢油TerraSAR-X影像,对充分发展海面,Elfouhaily谱具有比Durden-Vesecky谱更好的一致性
杨永红等,2012年[53] TMA谱模型和Marangoni溢油理论模型 Lombardini(1989年)建立的溢油海面海浪谱 可用于浅海环境下海面溢油电磁散射计算及分析溢油对电磁散射的影响
Tab.3  海面溢油阻尼模拟计算主要研究
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