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  • Table of Content
       , Volume 27 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Review
    Index set of multispectral camera based on application requirements
    ZHANG Zhenhua, GAN Fuping, WANG Jun
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 1-7.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.01
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4767KB) ( 1934 )
    One of the important reasons that satellite data quality can't effectively meet the needs of applications is the disjointing between satellite development and applications. It will restrict the application of domestic satellite data. Camera development is the core and key in the numerous factors influencing the quality of satellite data. Camera index set decides the application range and usefulness of the satellite. On the basis of the systematic study and analysis of satellite payloads index set both in China and abroad, this paper puts forward some basic index set suggestions for VIS/NIR multispectral camera with which users are concerned, such as spectral range, spatial resolution, swath width, revisit period, according to the user's use of data and in consideration of the industral application needs of geology and mineral resources. Meanwhile, such factors as land resources, environmental protection, agriculture, forestry and disaster reduction are taken into account. The suggestions put forward in this paper can provide application support for camera development.
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    Progress in construction of remote sensing and geological test field for comprehensive application and resources evaluation in Hami, Xinjiang
    LIANG Shuneng, GAN Fuping, WEI Hongyan, XIAO Chenchao, ZHANG Zhenhua, WEI Dandan
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 8-14.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.02
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4226KB) ( 798 )
    The remote sensing geological test field is the most important basic platform for comprehensive application and evaluation of remote sensing and geological resources. The construction of the remote sensing geological test field is aimed at meeting the needs of the geological application for land and resources and satisfying the development requirement of remote sensing geological technology as well as the coordinated development of the remote sensing technology with other techniques. The remote sensing geological test field can improve the quantification level of remote sensing geological survey and avoid the blindness of remote sensing data application and promotion. Under the leadership and support of China Geological Survey, the construction and research work of the remote sensing geological test field was carried out. Now, the remote sensing geological test field has been basically established, which has the preliminary capability of providing application services. In this paper, the authors mainly describe the structure, function and performance of the remote sensing geological test field as well as the service mode and service capability that the remote sensing geological test field could provide, so as to make the people understand the development of the remote sensing geological test field and then carry out the research work on the remote sensing technical methodology and basic theory based on the remote sensing geological test field in the hope that the construction and development of the remote sensing geological test field can be accelerated.
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    Technology and Methodology
    An improved unsupervised classification scheme for polarimetric SAR image with MCSM-Wishart
    CHEN Jun, DU Peijun, TAN Kun
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 15-21.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.03
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4596KB) ( 923 )

    To tackle the problems of insufficiently extracting polarimetric information from PolSAR image and low classification accuracy of H/Alpha/A-Wishart unsupervised classification algorithm, this paper proposes an adapted algorithm named MCSM-Wishart by imposing multiple-component scattering model (MCSM)decomposition to fit unsupervised classification of polarimetric SAR image. Firstly, various kinds of polarimetric information such as volume scatter, double scatter, helix scatter, surface scatter and wire scatter can be extracted from the image by MCSM decomposition, and iterative self-organizing data analysis(ISODATA)technique is used for clustering. Then iterative classification based on complex Wishart distribution is used to obtain the final result. H/Alpha-Wishart, H/Alpha/A-Wishart, MCSM-Wishart and supervised-Wishart algorithms are compared with each other based on two research plots conducted respectively in Lishui of Nanjing City and Binhai Wetland of Yancheng City with PALSAR image from ALOS. The results show that MCSM-Wishart classification algorithm can improve to a certain extent the original classifiers in terms of efficiency, total accuracy and Kappa coefficient. It is therefore concluded that the polarimetric information extracted by MCSM decomposition can sufficiently reflect the characteristics of the ground object. Combining with ISODATA clustering algorithm, MCSM decomposition can be used in the iterative classification based on complex Wishart distribution so as to improve the classification accuracy and reliability efficiently.

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    An atmospheric correction algorithm for hyperspectral imagery with collaborative retrieval of aerosol optical thickness and water vapor content
    DIAN Yuanyong, FANG Shenghui, XU Yongrong
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 22-28.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.04
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4875KB) ( 691 )

    Atmospheric correction is the basic step in quantitative retrieval of land surface parameters with hyperspectral imagery. Based on abundant spectral information in the hyperspectral image,this paper presents a new atmospheric correction algorithm for hyperspectral imagery characterized by collaborative retrieval of the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and the water vapor content (WV). The algorithm takes into account the effects of aerosol type,AOT and WV,and uses the iteration method combined with the 6S(second simulation of the satellite signal in the solar spectrum)radiative transfer model to retrieve the atmospheric parameters and ground reflectance. This new method overcomes the weakness of the existing atmospheric correction algorithms which fail to consider the effects of both AOT and WV. Hyperion hyperspectral image data covering Wuhan City were used to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this paper,with the results compared with those of FLAASH(fast line-of-sight atmospheric analysis of spectral hypercubes)method in ENVI and MODIS's AOT and WV products. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can better correct the effect of aerosol and water vapor in the atmosphere,and needs no additional parameters because all the inputs are taken from the image data themselves or the 6S radiative transfer model in the inversion process.

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    Classification of LiDAR point clouds in urban areas based on the analysis of regional multi-return density
    LI Lelin, JIANG Wanshou, GUO Chengfang
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 29-35.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.05
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (5012KB) ( 889 )

    A new strategy for the classification of raw LiDAR points in urban areas, which is based on the comprehensive utilization of echo features of different object types and terrain information, is proposed in this paper according to a regional multi-return density analysis. The main procedure of the classification of the off-terrain points begins with the construction of Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN), and then the region of each object is captured by the contours clustering based on the topological relations of various contours traced from the TIN. Finally, the type of the object is recognized by the statistical analysis of the regional multi-return density through the significant difference between the building region and the vegetation region. This method not only makes good use of the difference in echo features between different objects such as buildings and trees but also confirms the existence of the multi-returns on the edges of the building. At the same time, the adaptive region determination of the objects is accomplished following the contours clustering. So the proposed method can dramatically increase the classification accuracy and overcome the weakness of the traditional methods, thus being more useful to the study and application of such aspects as building reconstruction and parameters estimation of the trees. Experiments prove that the new algorithm can get an effective classification.

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    An improved topographic correction based on the Three Factor + C model
    ZHANG Weige, YANG Liao, CAO Liangzhong, JIA Yang
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 36-43.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.06
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4685KB) ( 1045 )

    The topographic correction is the most critical component part of the remote sensing quantitative study of rugged terrain areas. According to the idea of slope grading in combination with the simplified Three Factor + C model, a Three Factor +C +Slope model was established to eliminate the defect of traditional and empirical topographic correction using the same coefficient as the slope changing. The results show that the Three Factor+C+ Slope model is better than the C model, the SCS model, the Three Factor model and the Three Factor + C model in six calibration test indicators comprising the mean value, the standard deviation, the correlation between pixel value and illumination coefficient, the radiance discrepancy before and after correction, the dispersion index and the homogeneity coefficient. Due to its advantages such as excellent physical mechanism and considerable removal of the terrain effects on radiance, the Three Factor + C + Slope model is feasible and worthy of promotion.

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    A study of remote sensing image fusion method based on Contourlet transform
    LI Wenjing, WEN Wenpeng, WANG Qinghe
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 44-50.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.07
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (5058KB) ( 1524 )

    In this paper, an improved method for multi-spectral and panchromatic remote sensing image fusion was proposed. The method proposed was inspired by the traditional wavelet and IHS based fusion framework. The Contourlet transformation was utilized and a novel fusion strategy was presented, with the purpose of extracting the luminance component of the multispectral image and conducting the Contourlet transformation on the luminance component and the panchromatic images. The fusion strategy for the low-frequency component is to adjust adaptively, while the high-frequency is threshold-controlled based on the structure similarity. Extensive experiments show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively extract the spatial information from the panchromatic image, which is not present in the multi-spectral image. The quantitative evaluation results also suggest that the resultant image has a higher correlation coefficient with the original image and smaller spectral distortion degrees in comparison with images of the conventional methods. In addition, the information entropy and the standard deviations are also superior. Besides, the proposed method is to a certain extent practical.

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    A method of shadow detection for city tall ground objects based on QuickBird images
    YAO Huaqin, YANG Shuwen, LIU Zhengjun, YANG Xingwang, LI Yikun
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 51-55.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.08
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (2895KB) ( 1022 )

    The detection accuracy is likely to be influenced by water bodies and bluish surface features during the detection of shadows on high-resolution remote sensing images. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a new shadow detection method using principal component transform and multi-band operation. Firstly, the spectral values of typical surface features such as shadows, water bodies and buildings are counted and analyzed in QuickBird images. Secondly, the non-shaded area and shaded area are identified based on principal component transform combined multi-band operation and automatically detected by multimodal histogram threshold algorithm. Finally, the detected result is processed by morphological filtering algorithm. The result shows that this method shows higher extraction accuracy, efficiency and universality for QuickBird images.

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    A method for road extraction from remote sensing imagery
    LI Huasheng, HUANG Pingping, SU Ying
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 56-62.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.09
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4240KB) ( 1244 )

    Because the choice of the reasonable and effective threshold of segmentation is rather difficult, the method based on threshold segmentation is not applicable to extracting road information from remote sensing images in that there are obviously multiple types of road and non-road feature interference. To tackle this problem, the authors propose in this paper a method which combines Mean Shift algorithm with threshold segmentation to extract road information. Firstly, the Mean Shift is used to smooth the image, then the texture distribution is made more uniform in the road and the edge of the road is kept. Secondly, the Mean Shift segmentation is used to segment the image, and group the roads which have the same or similar gray values into one gray value showing. Thirdly, as different kinds of color information of the road have different showing characteristics in the gray-level histogram, the gray value which has relatively more numbers of picture elements is taken as the segment range boundary point to obtain the original road information by using multi-threshold segmentation. Finally, post-processing of the original road information is made to obtain the road. The experiment results indicate that this method can extract the road information from the remote sensing imagery and broaden the scope of the use of the threshold segmentation to extract the road information.

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    Forest vegetation texture measurement of remote sensing images based on the blue noise theory
    LIU Xiaodan, YANG Shen
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 63-68.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.10
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (3948KB) ( 1016 )

    Forest vegetation remote sensing image segmentation is an important kind of target, and effective determination of the scale of forest vegetation texture segmentation is an important research topic. This paper presents a method in which the blue noise theory is used to describe the characteristics of remote sensing images for forest vegetation texture. This is a new method for vegetation texture characterization and texture scale calculation. The correspondence between the research scale morphology and vegetation textures can be used in the selected detection area to iteratively search for blue noise characteristics. Iteration consists of the reduction of the region size through the geometric transformation and the obtaining of a spectral response region by fast Fourier transform so as to extract the blue noise characteristics from the spectral response. For regions with blue noise characteristics, the intensity distribution of forest vegetation texture is computed, and the texture size is calculated based on the current size of the area. Experimental results show that the gray scale and the distribution of forest vegetation texture units can be accurately measured, which lays reliable foundation for further texture segmentation.

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    Leaf area index retrieval of orchards based on airborne MASTER data
    CHEN Jian, WANG Wenjun, SHENG Shijie, ZHANG Xuehong
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 69-74.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.11
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (3861KB) ( 1001 )

    Leaf area index(LAI)is an important parameter for decrypting canopy structure, and the accurate acquisition of orchards LAI plays an important role in monitoring the growing condition and estimating the yield of orchards. In this paper, the orchard blocks in the middle of California in USA were chosen as the study area, and LAI was retrieved using normalized difference water index (NDWI) through comparing regression models with surveyed leaf area indices and three vegetation indices composed of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference infrared index (NDII) and NDWI based on the MODIS/ASTER airborne simulator(MASTER)image, which acquired flying along the solar plane. The results show that the image acquired by flying perpendicular to the solar plane has the phenomenon of maximum brightness gradients because of the bidirectional reflectance of surface object, whereas the image acquired by flying along the solar plane fails to show such a phenomenon. The comparison between three vegetation index models also shows that NDVI is easy to reach saturation in higher coverage area, and NDWI is more suitable for LAI retrieval in the study area because NDWI model has higher R2 and smaller RMSE. The results of this study can enrich the LAI retrieval theory and provide theoretical and data support for LAI scale problem.

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    Feature extraction of coastline contour based on level set theory
    LIU Pengcheng
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 75-79.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.12
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (3096KB) ( 1032 )

    This paper introduces level set theory to the feature extraction of coastline contour information. In this paper, the author first reviewed the related research work in this field and describes the level set theory and its applications, and then proposed the coastline contour segmentation algorithm and area smooth nonparametric density estimation before using it to extract different kinds of coastlines. To illustrate the effectiveness of the level set method (LSM) algorithm in coastline feature extracting, this paper compared the LSM algorithm and gradient descent method to demonstrate the coastline feature extraction efficiency of LSM. The optical and remote-sensing images used in experimental tests were of different contour features, multi-resolution and different point of views. The results achieved show that the level set algorithm is robust in analyzing characteristics of the coast complex texture even with the influence of noise. Also, it has strong sensitivity in edge information detection and is capable of quickly and effectively extracting features from the boundary information.

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    Research on image simulation technology of land observation satellite
    XU Daqi, DU Yongming, LIN Jun, YANG Guijun, LIU Qiang, LIU Qinhuo, SHEN Zhanfeng
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 80-87.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.13
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (5434KB) ( 1305 )

    Satellite image simulation technology aims at simulating the band features, space geometric features, radiation characteristics, ephemeris data and format of the satellite image by the method of computer simulation before the launching of satellites. To study the Landsat image simulation technology,this paper makes a review on the development of China's own satellite remote sensing image simulation system over the past six years,and describes the design of China's image simulation system as well as the key technology. At present, the simulated bands of the system include the bands from visible light, near infrared to thermal infrared band, with the simulated spatial resolution between 3 m to 300 m. In the process of simulation, the authors used the remote sensing radiative transfer model to simulate the spectrum characteristics, employed the PROSPECT+SAIL models to simulate the spectrum of the areas covered by vegetation, and adopted spectral library to simulate the spectrum of the non-vegetation area. Based on linear decomposition of the atmospheric radiative transfer process, the authors set up a look-up table (LUT)of the atmospheric radiative transfer process so as to improve the speed of simulation calculation on the premise of guaranteeing simulation precision significantly. In order to simulate the precise geometry information, the authors used high precision geometric positioning model on the basis of considering the topographic relief, calculated the intersection between the line of sight for satellite observation and the Earth's surface pixel by pixel. Finally, The authors used the observation data after the launching of the satellite and the field measured data in the experimental field to verify the simulation precision of the image simulation technology described in this paper.

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    Performance analysis of split-window algorithms for retrieving land surface temperature using remote sensing data of 8.0~9.3 μm
    ZHANG Xiao, TANG Yuyu, HUANG Xiaoxian, WEI Jun
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 88-93.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.14
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (3929KB) ( 800 )

    Spaceborne wide-field imaging spectrometer sets up two channels, CH18(8.125~8.825 μm) and CH19 (8.925~9.275 μm) for retrieving land surface temperature. To verify the adaptability of the traditional split-window algorithms applied to the atmospheric window of 10~14 μm for the atmospheric window of 8.0~9.3 μm, the authors introduced three kinds of split-window algorithms, i.e., Sobrino,Franca & Cracknell and Becker, with the parameter calculation formulae being revised against band setting for split-window in atmospheric window of 8.0~9.3 μm, and verified the retrieved accuracies of land surface temperature by the six standard atmospheric models supplied by MODTRAN. The results show that the present 3 kinds of split-window algorithms fail to meet the land surface temperature precision requirement of less than 1K and are not suitable for direct transplantation.

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    Inversion of available nitrogen content in hilly paddy soil of southern China based on hyperspectral characteristics
    GUO Xi, YE Yingcong, XIE Biyu, KUANG Lihua, XIE Wen
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 94-99.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.15
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4406KB) ( 757 )

    To analysis the relationship between the hyperspectral reflectance in the visible/near infrared bands and available nitrogen (AN) in paddy soil in southern China hilly areas, the authors collected the hyperspectral reflectance of paddy soil and made analysis with spectral analysis methods with the purpose of discovering the spectral characteristics of field reflectance and its influencing factors. The spectral indices were derived, and then paddy soil AN predicting model based on the correlation between AN content and spectral indices was built. The results were as follows:The different AN content paddy soil reflectance curves showed the tendency that, with the increase of AN content, the spectral reflectance decreased and the absorption depth became greater;by analyzing the correlation coefficient of paddy soil AN content and 16 kinds of mathematical transformations of spectral reflectance, the sensitive wavelengths were extracted, which were 694 nm, 2 058 nm and 2 189 nm; the predicting model for paddy soil AN content was built with spectral resample reflectance at 694 nm, 2 058 nm and 2 189 nm as independent variables and AN as dependent variable, and the coefficients of determination R2 of the model was 0.56, suggesting that the model is quite good in stability and predictability.

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    Research on remote sensing monitoring model of soil salinization based on spectrum characteristic analysis
    GUAN Hong, JIA Keli, ZHANG Zhinan, MA Xin
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 100-104.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.16
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (3556KB) ( 785 )

    To establish the remote sensing monitoring model for soil salinization, the authors chose the typical soil salinization area in Pingluo County of Ningxia as the study area, and measured the spectral data in the field. These data, together with the values of pH and salinity measured in the laboratory, were taken as the basic data. Hyperspectral data processing method was used to analyze the spectral characteristics of different levels of soil salinization. Spectral data were transformed with 11 different approaches, such as reciprocal, logarithm, root mean square and their first order differentials. After the transformation, the correlation analysis was carried out between the obtained soil spectra and soil salinity. The most sensitive band was selected, and the field spectral sensitive band and soil salinity were used and the multiple linear regression was employed to establish the spectral quantitative models for evaluating the soil salinization degrees. The results show that the reciprocal first order differential of measured soil spectral is most sensitive to soil salinization degrees. The spectral quantitative models based on the wavelengths of 940 nm and 1 094 nm are the best.

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    Technology Application
    Self-adaptive restoration for remote sensing noise images based on improved NAS-RIF algorithm
    ZHANG Fan
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 105-111.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.17
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4310KB) ( 715 )
    Image restoration is an important research content in remote sensing noise image processing. In order to deal with the remote sensing image effectively, this paper proposes a new improved self-adaptive NAS-RIF algorithm based on the research on the basic principle of the non-negativity and support constraints recursive inverse filtering (NAS-RIF). With the purpose of tackling the defects of the original NAS-RIF algorithm,the author first filtered the image with pepper and salt noise as well as white Gaussian noise by the self-adaptive pseudo-median filtering algorithm so as to eliminate the noise in the image as much as possible, then improved the original NAS-RIF algorithm effectively from two aspects of support domain and background gray value,in combinatiuon with the gray values of the image and finally introduced the correction term based on the target information to the cost function so as to improve the classic cost function of the original NAS-RIF algorithm. Aimed at improving the convergence of the cost function of the improved NAS-RIF algorithm,the author combined the logarithmic function and adopted the conjugate gradient method to optimize the improved NAS-RIF algorithm. Subjective and objective analysis of the simulation experimental results shows that the performance of the improved NAS-RIF algorithm proposed in this paper is better than that of the original NAS-RIF algorithm and some available improved NAS-RIF algorithms as well as the wavelet threshold denoising method,suggesting that this means is suitable for the restoration process of the remote sensing noise image.
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    Fractional vegetation cover estimation in northern China and its change analysis
    LI Yuwei, JIA Kun, WEI Xiangqin, YAO Yunjun, SUN Jun, MOU Liqiu
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 112-117.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.18
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4324KB) ( 1061 )
    The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial-temporal pattern and change of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) in northern China since 2000. FVC of northern China from 2000 to 2012 was estimated using dimidiate pixel model based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) calculated by MODIS spectral reflectance data. The FVC change trends and characteristics of the study area during the 13 years were analyzed. The inner annual FVC change trend in northern China indicated that the maximum FVC generally appeared in July or August, which was consistent with the vegetation growth season. The maximum annual FVC showed a slightly increase trend in the whole study area, and the annual increase rate was 0.2%. However, the spatial distribution of maximum annual FVC change trend had great differences. The typical regions of the Three-North Shelter Forest Region such as Northeast China, North China and Loess Plateau region had an obviously increase in maximum annual FVC.
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    Land cover change and its impact on net primary productivity in China's typical temperate grassland system in the past 25 years: A study of the Huangfuchuan Watershed
    XU Jiren, DONG Jihong, YANG Hongbing
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 118-125.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.19
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4938KB) ( 744 )
    In this paper, the Huangfuchuan Watershed was chosen as the study area, and RS and GIS techniques were used to explore the land use change and NPP. With the combination of CASA model, the dynamic characteristics of NPP in 1987—2011 were studied. Land use structure changed obviously in the Huangfuchuan Watershed. The main trend of land use change was the gradual increase of construction land and woodland as well as the gradual decrease of water. The areas of arable land, grass, shrub, bare rock and sand were fluctuant, as shown by land use dynamic degree. The calculation of NPP model shows that the total value of NPP in 1987, 1995, 2000, 2007 and 2011 was 28.12 GgC, 53.47 GgC, 73.23 GgC, 157.92 GgC and 78.52 GgC. The analysis of land use change effects on NPP indicates that the main factor responsible for the increase of NPP was the transformation of the grassland to the shrub between 1987 and 1995, whereas the bare rock was the main factor responsible for the increase of NPP in 1995—2000. The change of shrub into grassland contributed mainly to the increase of NPP in 2000—2007, whereas the change of grassland into shrub contributed mainly to the reduction of NPP in 2007—2011. The results of the study is of great significance for rational utilization of temperate grassland resources and improvement of the fragile ecological environment.
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    A tentative discussion on the geographical condition monitoring method based on long time series Landsat data
    LYU Guijun, LI Yingcheng, BAI Jie, ZHAO Yali
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 126-132.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.20
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4191KB) ( 871 )
    To fully grasp the nature and human geography situation information and solve the problem of ecological environment, economic and social development of China, it is of great significance to monitor the resource and environment indexes. The authors studied the spatial and temporal distribution of resources and environment in Haidian District of Beijing from 1986 to 2010 with Landsat TM images. Meanwhile, the driving forces were analyzed. The results show that, from 1986 to 2010, farmland decreased by 45.7%, build-up land increased by 38.95%, forest and grass land increasd by 23.44%, and water and other land kept constant. Urban area extended westward and northward, especially in Xibeiwang area. The mass center of Haidian also moved to the northwest. The urban compactness decreased and the fractal index increased gradually, indicating that the city saturation degree was reduced, and the city boundary became complicated gradually. The comprehensive land use dynamic degree first decreased and then increased. Population growth, economic development, infrastructure construction and the formulation of policies and regulations all contributed to the changes of resources and environment.
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    Monitoring of biomass burning based on AOD
    FAN Dongfu, YANG Shuyun, WU Biwen, FAN Dongqing, WANG Jun, JIANG Bo, CHEN Xiaolong
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 133-138.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.21
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (3872KB) ( 861 )
    The biomass burning increases the concentration of PM10. In this paper, the authors first took biomass burning hot spots,10 meters wind field and AOD into consideration to analyze the meteorological mechanism of the case of the PM10 pollution during June 1—9, 2009 in Anhui and its neighboring provinces. Moreover, by tracking the air mass of the case of the PM10 pollution in Fuyang on June 5, 2009 by the simulation of the HYSPLIT model, the authors analyzed the backward trajectory of the case. Finally, the correlation coefficients between hot spots and AOD were calculated. The results clearly show that there was a significant consistence between the biomass burning hot spots,10 meters wind field and AOD, suggesting that it is feasible to monitor the biomass burning by using AOD data, and that the transported pollutants related to the case of the PM10 pollution in Fuyang on June 5, 2009 mainly came from western Fuyang, middle and southeast Henan Province and northern as well as eastern Hubei Province. Therefore, it is very necessary to strengthen regional united precautions and controls of biomass burning. In addition, there was a positive correlation between hot spots and AOD, implying that biomass burning increases significantly the value of regional AOD.
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    Remote sensing monitoring and quality evaluation for the mine geological environment of the Juhugeng coal mining area in Qinghai Province
    MA Shibin, LI Shenghui, AN Ping, YANG Wenfang, XIN Rongfang
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 139-145.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.22
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4796KB) ( 682 )
    Taking the two-period IKONOS2 data acquired in 2011 and 2012 as the information sources, based on the band combination, data fusion and ortho-rectification, the authors made interactive interpretation of the mine geological environment problems, carried out the remote sensing investigation and monitoring work on coal mine environment problems and mine environmental recovery governance of the Juhugeng coal mining area in the Yushania coalfield of Qinghai, combined the mine environment survey results with the geographic and geological data of the mining area, and selected mine geological environment evaluation factors and weight indicators according to the environment condition of the mining area. The dynamic evaluation was conducted for the quality of mine geological environment. The results show that the mine geological environment quality of the Juhugeng coal mining area exhibits a downward trend, the area that affected the mine geological environment by mining activities in 2012 increased by nearly 10 km2 as compared with that in 2011, the vegetation was destroyed directly or indirectly, and the process of the work to control mine recovery couldn't keep up with the process of mine environmental degradation.
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    Research on enhanced extraction method for weak information of remote sensing mineralization alteration zoning: A case study of the Pulang porphyry copper deposit
    WANG Di, ZHAO Zhifang, WANG Ruixue, CHEN Qi, HE Binxian, XI Jing
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 146-153.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.23
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (5265KB) ( 845 )
    To compensate the insufficiency of previous studies shown by the low degree of refined extraction of remote sensing mineralization alteration and the limitation of the supporting role for advancing prospecting and exploration of Southwest Sanjiang deep porphyry copper deposits,the authors took into account the zoning characteristics of the mineralization alteration of the Pulang porphyry copper ore district in the central south segment of the southwest Sanjiang metallogenic belt,i.e., propylitization-sericitization-silicification and potassic alteration from outside to inside of the alteration zone and, on such a basis, analyzed the features of the characteristic minerals,the diagnostic spectra and ASTER remote sensing spectral response of the porphyry copper mineralization and alteration zonation. With the multifractal theory of "generalized self similarity" and "singularity" and the method of energy spectrum area (S-A),the authors probed into the enhancement and extraction methods for the weak information of the characteristic minerals in the porphyry copper alteration mineral zone under the condition of complex geological background,including the propylitization (chlorite and epidote),lithification (quartz and sericite),potassium (potassium feldspar) and silica (quartz). Through the field test of the remote sensing alteration zoning results and mineral identification,the reliability of the methods of enhancement and extraction of the remote sensing abnormal information for the porphyry copper ore alteration zoning was confirmed.
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    Extraction of mineral alteration information from core hyperspectral images based on weight of absorption peak
    ZHANG Yuan, ZHANG Jielin, ZHAO Xuesheng, YUAN Bo
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 154-159.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.24
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4501KB) ( 1214 )
    Aimed at overcoming the defects of the spectral angle mapping(SAM)in extraction of mineral alteration information from core hyperspectral images, the authors proposed an improved method based on a weight in the absorption valley in hyperspectral information identification. Firstly, through necessary reflectivity conversion, noise filtering and selection of end-members in the original image, the authors systematically analyzed the diagnostic absorption features of three typical types of altered minerals closely related to uranium mineralization (i.e., illitization, chloritization and carbonatization)in the core hyperspectral image. Then a range called feature range was selected which has little difference between the same kind of altered minerals on their spectral curves. The authors used SAM between end-members and pixels in this feature range after setting up a weight on absorption peaks within a band scope, and finally achieved the recognition and extraction of these three typical uranium mineralization alteration minerals. The method proposed in this paper highlights the important part of spectral information and its absorption peak, and can better cluster the same kind of alterations and distinguish different alteration types. Contrasting and precision test results show that the accuracy can be improved by over twenty percent when ω=2, and the application effect of extracting information of altered minerals from core hyperspectral image is remarkable.
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    Spatial-temporal features of construction land expansion in Changzhutan (Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan) area based on remote sensing
    YI Fengjia, LI Rendong, CHANG Bianrong, QIU Juan
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 160-166.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.25
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4665KB) ( 802 )
    Construction land expansion will increasingly become a main feature of land-use and land-cover change in China. The study of construction land expansion can provide sustained support for the development of the local economy. The authors used RS and GIS integrated technology to acquire Landsat TM data in 2000, 2005 and 2010 respectively and, on such a basis, obtained land expansion and its spatial distribution information. ESI (expansion speed index) and EII (expansion intensity index) were used to analyze the spatial-temporal features at time scales of 10 years and 5 years. The DI (dominance index) was used to analyze the spatial trends of construction land expansion. The result shows that the quantity of construction land was increasingly growing in different periods, of which the ESI and EII in the first 5 years were obviously higher than those in the last 5 years. Construction land area increased by about 39 400 hm2, and the construction land expansion area accounted for the total change of 57.3% and 42.7% respectively. Construction land expansion caused the change of the quantities and spatial patterns of cultivated land and forest region. The cultivated land that was changed into construction land had three modes in space: a radial outward expansion with the old city as the center, the extension of the influencing range along the river, the even spreading of new construction land throughout the region. In addition, forest land was changed into construction land, which was mainly distributed around the residence and along the traffic area.
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    Spatial-temporal evolution analysis of mining geological environment based on RS and GIS: A case study of the Dongsheng ore district
    LI Xueyuan, ZHAO Bo, CHEN Shilei, ZHAO Yingwang, BIAN Kai
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 167-173.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.26
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4406KB) ( 709 )
    During the coal mining, various geological environmental problems may be inevitable. In this study, the QuickBird images in 2007 and the WorldView2 images in 2012 from the Dongsheng ore district of Inner Mongolia were selected respectively as original and end data sources so as to extract the present environment information. After that, the areal increase and rate of different mine geological environment, the transfer matrix of environmental types, and the spatial-temporal change of environmental types were calculated or revealed. In addition, with the mining right as the spatial unit, the environmental areas were calculated by virtue of average annual increase and comprehensive dynamic degree, both of which can describe the spatial evolution trend. The results show that different environment are enlarged in different degrees year by year with the expansion of the exploitation range, while the transfer trend from "pollution" (mining pit, dump and water accumulated area) to "management"(restoration region and industrial square)is similarly significant. Although the mine ecological recovery, which appears to be better in northwest area than in southeast area, has been given more attention, the environmental recovery pace remains in general slower than the speed of the environmental pollution, which adversely affects the sustainable development.
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    Study and analysis of application of ZY-1 02C satellite data to remote sensing monitoring technology for exploration of mineral resources
    AN Zhihong, NIE Hongfeng, WANG Hao, JING Qingqing
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 174-182.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.27
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    With the HR/MUX data of ZY-1 02C obtained from Chengde and Xunwu experimental areas as examples,the authors applied the remote sensing monitoring technology to the exploration of mineral resources at the scale of 1:50 000. The problems in the application process were studied and analyzed, the solutions and recommendations, which play a demonstration role in the large-scale application of mineral exploration monitoring, were proposed. Some conclusions have been reached: In the data processing,the 02C HR1and HR2 data with 2.36 m resolution must be orthorectified first before splicing, and the MUX data with 10 m resolution should be composed with simulated true color by using the false color composition method. In the aspect of mine object recognition, the 02C image can better reflect mining position, transit field, mine construction and other types of mining features in comparison with SPOT5 image, but its relative smooth texture information and relative fuzzy boundary of the mine ground objects increase the difficulty of indoor interpretation. In economic efficiency, the price advantage of 02C data is obvious. Although the 02C data processing and interpreting have larger workload, it can meet the remote sensing monitoring of mineral exploration at 1:50 000 scale, and the overall economic benefit is significant.
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    Application of satellite data of ZY1-02C to the exploration engineering of Karst water resources in Beijing
    CHENG Yang, TONG Liqiang, GUO Zhaocheng, MO Yuanfu, JI Yiqun
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 183-189.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.28
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4214KB) ( 630 )
    Using the satellite data of ZY1-02C as the data source, aided by GIS as the platform, and based on the remote sensing geological theory and hydrogeologic theory, the authors applied the remote sensing technology to the exploration of Karst water resources in Beijing. According to the remote sensing hydrogeological interpretation and comprehensive analysis,the authors delineated a new source of water supply through optimization, established the interpretation criteria of water-bearing formations and springs applicable to Karsts areas in northern China,presented a method for analyzing the hydrogeological conditions based on GIS, and expanded the application field of domestic resources satellites.
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    Method for construction of business-oriented marine geology data service platform
    SUN Jihong, SU Guohui, YANG Chen, HE Shufeng
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 190-195.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.29
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    With the deepening of the marine geological survey, marine geological data have been increasingly accumulated, but the marine geological data service system can not meet the application requirements. Through analyzing the status of the application of existing marine geological data, the authors presented "Three-layer" architecture of the marine geological data service platform design approach, designed the unified logical model based on business using object-oriented thought, implemented marine geological data services platform using WCF and NHibernate technologies, realized integrated access to heterogeneously distributed marine geology database, and achieved data query based on business models. Compared with the operation of the traditional method for data query, users can simply choose business needs, and obtain the data after setting up constraints, thus greatly facilitating the user's application demand for marine geological data.
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    GIS spatial modeling in mountainous land evaluation
    CHEN Yingyue, GAN Shu, TIAN Yudong, ZHOU Xibing
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2015, 27 (2): 196-200.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2015.02.30
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (2905KB) ( 789 )
    Due to such factors as complex topography, thin soil and high bedrock exposure rate, the measurement of mountainous land should be adapted to local conditions for the development and utilization, and hence the suitability evaluation should be conducted first. At present, researchers in this field usually use ArcGIS spatial analysis method to do the analysis, but the process is complicated and easy to make errors. In this paper, the authors use the spatial analysis model of ArcGIS generator model to model the calculation process and the dealing process of each evaluation factor, combine every single factor to do the comprehensive factor calculation, and then get the mountain resources suitability evaluation model. These methods were applied to performing the correlation of the study area. Combined with the field work, the authors found that the evaluated result is highly identical with the suitability of land exploitation and utilization under the practical situation. The scientific character and reliability of the GIS model methods were verified. Compared with the conventional method, the methods adopted by the authors could improve the efficiency of data processing obviously. The data processing model for the sharing is also provided.
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