This paper has made a review on the method of estimating Vegetation Fractional Cover (VFC) based on remote sensing data and discussed a few parameters that affect the estimation of VFC. The future trend of VFC study has also been analyzed.

This paper has dealt with such spectral features of vegetation in the mining area as the intensities and locations of green peak, red valley and infrared reflectance plateau and the slopes and locations of red edge and blue edge altered under the stress resulting from characteristic contamination of acid, alkali, heavy metals etc. The advances in the extraction of contamination information of vegetation in the Dexing copper mine based on spectral features of all kinds of plants are discussed on the basis of hyperspectral imaging data. The spectra of various plants were analyzed, and then spectral parameters (red edge position and absorption depth) were used to study the information extraction and reveal the general contamination situation of vegetation in the Dexing copper mine. The project is helpful to the whole process of diagnosing and monitoring mine pollution.

In this paper, the authors deal with the aim and significance of the post-remote sensing application technology (PRSAT) and describe its content as well as the achievements it has made. Practice shows that the post-remote sensing application technology has greater utilization value and application effect than the single remote sensing technology. The idea of the extension of remote sensing application derived from PRSAT is also worth consideration in other research domains of earth science.

In order to select suitable remote sensing data for the large-scale monitoring of mine exploitation and related environment problems, the authors chose a famous Wu mine in Chongyi County of Jiangxi Province as a typical study area and used QUICKBIRD and SPOT-5 as data sources to compare the monitoring effects and application characteristics of high resolution data.

By comparing monthly maximum Land Surface Temperature (LST) of January 1999 retrieved from NOAA-AVHRR data with the result from ground observation, it is found that there is a correlation coefficient of 0.86 with a standard deviation of 5.6℃ between the monthly maximum LSTs from remote sensing and those from ground observation. Monthly maximum LSTs retrieved from remote sensing are generally 2.8℃ lower than those from ground observation. It is necessary to revise LSTs retrieved from remote sensing to reduce the mean deviation between them and LSTs from ground observation without any delay. After the revision of the monthly maximum LSTs retrieved from remote sensing, the correlation coefficient between the modified monthly maximum LSTs retrieved from remote sensing and LSTs from ground observation remains 0.86, the standard deviation is reduced from 5.6℃ to 5.2℃, and the mean deviation decreases from 4.9℃ to 4.1℃. Although the modified monthly maximum LSTs retrieved from remote sensing remain lower than those from ground observation, the mean deviation is reduced from 2.8℃ to 0.1℃.

Global change has been one of the most noticeable problems in the field of environmental science. Regional research is a key method for solving such important problems as the global environmental change. As a synthetical geographical information resource, Remote Sensing (RS) plays an important role in this process. As the physical mechanism retrieved by RS model is limited, the utilization of the accessible RS data to predict the un-retrieved non-RS parameter seems especially important. With the land surface temperature and pseudo thermal inertia as independent variables and by means of Genetic Programming, the authors have found a method to compute regional aerial saturation deficiency.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using Landsat 7 ETM⁺ data to estimate Leaf Area Index (LAI).The investigation is prompted by the need of obtaining spatially distributed data on LAI which serve as an important input for distributive hydrological modeling of Heihe Basin. Using detailed field data of Zhangye Oasis and Qilian Mountain collected in September 2002, the authors investigated the relationship between contemporary field data and remotely sensed ETM⁺ data, which include ETM⁺ 3, 4, 5, 7 and some vegetation indices such as Simple Ratio (SR), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI), Reduced Simple Ratio (RSR), Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Generalized Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (GESAVI). The best approach to the estimation of LAI was found on the basis of statistical analysis. According to the specific natural conditions of Heihe Basin, it is thought that the most reliable method should be the division of the study area into sparse stands and dense stands, with SAVI used in the estimation of LAI in the former stands and ARVI in the latter stands. In such a way, the estimation and spatial mapping of LAI of the whole study area can be completed.

Supported by RS and GIS technology,the authors applied remote sensing data,thematic maps data and natural and social economic data to establishing the database of land-use temporal-spatial change, with Zhenlai County as the study area. The factor analysis model was established and the driving factors of land-use change was analyzed on the basis of SPSS factor analysis. Moreover, the land-use optimized strategy was put forward,which is likely to provide the scientific basis for the sustainable development and environment protection.

According to the TM image in Baicheng of Xinjiang as well as the information of geology and mineral resources, the coal self-combustion zone in the Baicheng coalfield was delineated. On such a basis, together with an analysis of the spectral character, the authors adopted various enhancement measures such as linear transform, edge enhancement, band calculation and synthesis of multi-band pseudo colors, which led to the identification of the abnormal information of the ground, vegetation and burnt rocks caused by the coal fire in the Baicheng coalfield. The result of the study has provided reliable basis for detecting the coal self-combustion zone.

Focusing on agricultural crop monitoring, the authors have presented in this paper the key technology for satellite remote sensing information processing, which is expected to be operational. Starting with an analysis of the physical basis of remote sensing for crop type identification, this paper has not only given a technical framework for satellite remote sensing data processing but also presented the approaches to the thematic information extraction from remotely sensed data. In addition, A model for estimation of winter wheat yield has been formulated, with a description of the means for accuracy assessment.

This paper deals with the way of extracting reed marsh information in Zhalong wetland based on the knowledge of spectrum characteristics. Spectral analyses of TM image covering Zhalong wetland were conducted, which included analysis of spectrum average value characteristics, analysis of characteristics of different spectrum structures and analysis of the sampling profile. This led to the discovery of the spectrum character knowledge of the marsh in Zhalong wetland. With the results obtained, a model of marsh extraction based on knowledge discovery was established. The marsh information extraction shows that the model proposed in this paper can extract reed marsh in Zhalong wetland automatically, and the extraction accuracy can reach 98%.

The Triassic metamorphic rocks south of Kangxiwa fault in Karakorum Mountain area are composed of two sorts of rocks with different remote sensing characteristics. Field work shows that one sort is hypometamorphic rock whose lithologic features, deformation and metamorphic facies are similar to those of Proterozoic Group in Tarim plate, and the other belongs really to Triassic. There exists an unknown deep fault between the two sorts of rocks, which has a distinct linear feature in the remote sensing image. Based on geological analysis, it is considered that this fault is an important geological boundary.

Remote sensing dynamic monitoring was conducted along the shoreline and the tidal bank in Chuanshan Peninsula. Being the outside strand of Hangzhou Bay, Chuanshan peninsula is very complex in such aspects as dynamic condition, sediment transport, sedimentary process and morphological evolution. Based on large quantities of remote sensing data and topographic data, this paper studied the evolution of the shoreline and the tidal bank in Chuanshan peninsula since 1964. The results show that the tidal bank in Chuanshan peninsula has experienced varied evolutionary processes. The west part has moved outward for 3 050 m, with the velocity of 82.4 m/a, while the east part has only experienced slow change. The silting of the west bank mainly occurred between 1955 and 1963 and between 1977 and 1982.

This paper deals with the Participatory Micro Watershed Land-use Survey Method on the Basis of Airphotos in the Sino-Germany joint micro-watershed development project Sustainable Development of Mountainous Area in Jiangxi. It gives a preliminary description of the basic concept and the preparatory work of the base map for field survey and the whole mapping procedure for this project, which includes establishment of participatory land-use classification system, in-room pre-judgment and interpretation of airphotos, field mapping and selection of standard interpretation areas, holistic interpretation and field verification, digitization, editing and printing. The case study was conducted all the way at the Huangling micro-watershed in Luojiang town of Yudu County, Jiangxi Province. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are analyzed, with the hope of providing some reference for future similar work.

With the support of GIS, this paper has analyzed the dynamic change of land-use from 1995 to 2000 in Jinan spring field on the basis of remote sensing data and other information. The mathematical methodology for studying land-use change was used to analyze the spatial dynamical features and temporal dynamical features of land-use in Jinan spring field in recent years. It is shown that the large-scale land-use change took place obviously together with rapid urban expansion and grassland reduction due mainly to the transformation to forestland and structural readjustment to other land-use types. This paper holds that agro-economic development, population growth,adjustment of agricultural structure and land management policy are the major driving forces responsible for land-use change in the field.

According to thermal inertia, the autumn drought in Shandong Province in 2002 was monitored by utilizing satellite remote sensing data. The whole Shandong Province was divided into four ecotypes to raise the calculation precision of the soil moisture model. On such a basis, the diurnal range of ground -surface temperature retrieved by satellite remote sensing data was corrected for vegetation index and other environmental factors. The area of drought-stricken farmland was calculated by means of GIS, with excellent result obtained.

Establishment of province-level land and resource information system is of considerable practical significance in that it can help realize the computerization and scientific policy-making in resource management at the province or municipality level. This paper discusses some key techniques for designing the province-level land and resource information system, which include the designing of such component parts as the general structure, the system software and hardware and the data structure.

In this paper, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was adopted for describing the landforms of the Shanghai foreshore, the data structure of DEM was studied and designed, and the problems arising form the storing, querying and indexing of the cloud data were solved efficiently. On such a basis, the multi-year foreshore digital terrain models were built. The methods for foreshore landform analysis were put forward by use of the models. The analytical system of foreshore landforms has been established by integrating these models and methods with Geographic Information System. It is shown from the application of the analytical system that its data structure is reasonable, its function is consummate, and its operation is rapid and stable. The system can meet the needs of foreshore management.