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  • Table of Content
       , Volume 18 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Review
    THE APPLICATION OF THE 3S TECHNIQUE TO
    THE MANAGEMENT OF CROP RESIDUE BURNING
    FANG Meng, ZHANG Peng, XU Zhe
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 1-4.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.01
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (466KB) ( 1094 )

     This paper deals with the application of the 3S technique to the management of crop residue burning,

    which includes the general principle and method of data processing as well as the results of the monitoring of crop

    residue burning. The RS technique is used to monitor the hot spot caused by crop residue burning and determine the

    harvest period. The GIS technique is employed to determine the nature of the hot spot and analyze the condition of

    crop residue burning, whereas the GPS technique is adopted to find the exact location of the hot spot caused by crop

    residue burning detected by the RS technique. The general situation of the application of this technique to this

    field in recent years is also recounted in this paper.

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    Technology and Methodology
    RETRIEVING ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR FROM MODIS NEAR INFRARED DATA
    JIANG Li-Peng, QIN Zhi-Hao, XIE Wen
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 5-9.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.02
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (534KB) ( 1983 )

     Retrieving atmospheric water vapor from remote sensing data is very important in such aspects as weather

    forecast, atmosphere correction and the study of climatic change and water circulation. At present, there are the

    two-band ratio method and the three-band ratio method for retrieving atmospheric water vapor from near infrared

    data. Based on the near infrared radiative transfer theory, this paper has proposed an improved three-band ratio

    method under the simulation of the radiative transfer model, MODTRAN. Applying this method to three water absorbing

    bands of MODIS, the authors obtained three kinds of water vapor values. Then the method for retrieving water vapor

    for MODIS data was worked out on the basis of different sensitivities of the three bands to the absorbing of water

    vapor. The authors retrieved the water vapor of eastern China and the results show that the method is feasible and

    practical.

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    A METHOD FOR CLASSIFICATION OF COASTAL ZONE REMOTELY
    SENSED IMAGES BY ADDING SPACE INFORMATION
    WU Jun-Ping, MAO Zhi-Hua, CHEN Jian-Yu, BAI Yan, CHEN Xiao-Dong, PAN De-Lu
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 10-14.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.03
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (529KB) ( 1138 )

     Influenced jointly by such factors as ocean, land and atmosphere, the coastal zone is characterized by

    the mixing of various land types with high extent of variation. Therefore, traditional spectrum-based classification

    cannot meet the demand of precision. The coastal zone is close to ocean water which can be recognized easily by its

    significant spectral difference from land objects in the remotely sensed images. Taking advantage of this feature,

    this paper proposes a new classification method for coastal zone remotely sensed images by adding space information.

    Ocean water is recognized first, and then the distance from every non-ocean-water pixel to its nearest sea water is

    calculated. Different objects on the coastal zone have their respective characteristic distances to ocean water. So

    helped with the space information, we can improve the precision of classification, especially for the objects with

    similar spectral features but different distances to sea water. Using this method, the authors studied the multi-

    band QuickBird image of Huangdao island in Qingdao, and the result proves the validity of this method in coastal

    areas relative to the pure spectrum method.

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    THE VALIDATION OF CHINESE LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE PRODUCTS RETRIEVED
    FROM MODERATE RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORATIOMETER DATA
    GAO Mao-Fang, QIN Zhi-Hao
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 15-18.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.04
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (397KB) ( 2305 )

     As an important parameter governing energy balance over land, Land Surface Temperature (LST) plays an

    important role in meteorology, hydrology, ecology and some other disciplines. In this paper, the authors have

    analyzed the probable sources of errors in retrieving land surface temperature using MODIS data and dealt in detail

    with the validation method for simultaneous retrieval using relatively high resolution remote sensing data. A

    comparison between ASTER land surface temperature and MODIS LST products was conducted in Taihu area on August 1,

    2003. Linear regression of three typical areas in water surface, city ground, and outskirts of Wuxi respectively

    shows that the result is satisfactory for validation, with R2 being 0.9666.

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    CLOUD DETECTION IN MODIS DATA BASED ON MULTI-SPECTRUM SYNTHESIS
    HE Quan-Jun, CAO Jing, HUANG Jiang, WU Zhi-Jun
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 19-22.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.05
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (581KB) ( 2266 )

    Cloud detection is absolutely necessary in the processing of satellite remote sensing data. Through

    analyzing meteoric characteristics of cloud in different spectra and integrating the spectral characteristics of

    MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), the authors put forward a new cloud detection method based on

    multi-spectrum synthesis. Taking into account such factors as visible reflectance, infrared brightness temperature

    and window brightness temperature difference, the algorithm can gradually build a cloud detection mask and finally

    obtain an entire cloud processing result which can discriminate cloud from clear sky. The algorithm was applied in

    different periods and different scenes to make validation and analysis. The results show that the cloud detection is

    ideal, especially for thin cirrus which is invisible in the visible band. This technique can promote the use of

    MODIS data and improve the accuracy of retrieving.

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    DEVELOPING TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETECTION AND
    REMOVAL OF CLOUD AND HAZE IN SATELLITE IMAGES
    XU Yi-Xiang, ZHU Zi-Hao, LIU Ying-Yu
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 23-28.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.06
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (928KB) ( 1495 )

    Detection and removal of cloud and haze are arduous problems in optical remote sensing imagery

    processing. Thick cloud and haze have the character of high reflection, so we can set the threshold to detect and

    remove the areas having extremely high reflection and even mosaic the images with near dates’ ones to create clear

    and cloudless images. Relatively, areas covered by thin cloud and haze have the spectral characteristics of both

    surface features and cloud and haze, thus making it difficult to separate them. Consequently, the authors first

    processed the images with relative radiometric normalization and then transformed the images from the RGB to the HIS

    color model. The assumption was that the interference of thin cloud and haze, similar to mixing a color pigment with

    white, would increase the color intensity and decrease the saturation of an image but would not change its hue

    value. Guided by this assumption, the authors processed the multi-temporal images and isolated areas contaminated by

    thin cloud and haze. The results suggest that it is possible for an automatic method based on the HIS color model to

    detect thin cloud and haze on satellite images.

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    REMOTE SENSING FOR DETECTING SOIL WATER CONTENT BASED
    ON BI-DIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE MODEL OF CANOPY AND SOIL
    SONG Cheng-Yun, DENG Ru-Ru, WANG Zhong-Ting
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 29-31.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.07
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (497KB) ( 1172 )

    In this paper, Beijing was chosen as a representative study area, and the method of pixel information decomposition was taken on the land part. The land cover percentage was extracted. LAI was calculated according to the research on the cover of plant. Based on characteristics of multi-reflecting light, the authors obtained the reflectance of the soil by using the Bi-directional Reflectance Model of Canopy and Soil and taking only one reflectance into account. According to the roughness factor, the soil water content could be calculated based on the relationship between soil reflaction and LAI.

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    A STUDY OF AUTOMATED CONSTRUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF DECISION
    TREE CLASSIFIERS BASED ON ASTER REMOTELY SENSED DATASETS
    LI Ming-Shi, PENG Shi-Kui, ZHOU Lin, MA Yi-Xiu
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 33-36.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.08
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (374KB) ( 1312 )

    Based on performing various sorts of image processing on the original 9 bands of ASTER sensors, the authors objectively adopted the quantitative indicator of average separability to determine the optimal combinations of features most suitable for classification. In conjunction with the signature or prototype data for each class, the maximum likelihood classifier, BP neural network classifier and decision tree classifier based on data mining software of See 5.0 were respectively implemented to characterize the spatial distribution patterns of major land cover types over the entire study area. The final classification results based on field validation with 379 actual observations show that the decision tree algorithm possesses the best performance of extraction, with an overall accuracy of 84.4% and a kappa coefficient of 0.822, followed by the BP network algorithm, and that the maximum likelihood classifier has the worst performance of classification. In comparison with the traditional establishment and classification procedures which have been embedded into ENVI 4.1 and ERDAS 8.7, the automated decision tree algorithm used in this study is based on See 5.0 and Cart module (Classification and Regression tree). Due to its objectivity, high efficiency, reliability and high accuracy, the automated decision tree deserves more attention in future practice of classification.

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    THE APPLICATION OF MULTISCALE IMAGE TEXTURE
    TO THE DETECTION OF URBAN EXPANSION
    SONG Cui-Yu, LI Pei-Jun, YANG Feng-Jie
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 37-42.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.09
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1149KB) ( 1433 )


     It is difficult for remote sensing change detection based only on spectral information to obtain satisfactory results. In this paper, multiscale texture information combined with spectral information was adopted to evaluate the urban expansion detection by using the post-classification comparison technique. The results show that, if the scale for texture extraction and the data combination are appropriately selected, the addition of texture features in change detection can significantly improve the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient in comparison with the method based only on spectral data. Moreover, the combination of multiscale texture and spectral data in change detection can produce the highest accuracy. However, it is shown that false alarm may appear on the edges of some land cover types when the texture information is incorporated in urban area change detection.

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    THE MAPPING OF FERRIFEROUS MINERALS BASED
    ON ALI IMAGERY IN QAIDAM GAS-OIL AREA
    GUAN Zhong, TIAN Qing-Jiu, WANG Xiang-Cheng
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 43-46.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.10
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (709KB) ( 1130 )

    The bleach of red beds above the oil and gas reservoirs caused by the hydrocarbon microseepage is one of the usual indicators in indirect search for oil and gas by remote sensing technology. Therefore, the mapping of ferriferous minerals and the information extraction of iron anomalies play an important role in oil and gas remote sensing exploration. As a new generation of the multispectral image, the spectral resolution of ALI (Advanced Land Imager) has a great improvement compared with the ETM+ imagery. ALI has six bands in the 0.4~1.0μm wavelength region and can represent special spectral characteristics of ferriferous minerals in the 0.4~1.0μm region, so it can be used for the mapping of ferriferous minerals and the information extraction of iron anomalies. In this paper, the three-lake region of Qaidam basin was chosen as the study area, in which gas reservoirs are developed. An ALI image and the spectral angle mapping (SAM) method were used to map the distribution of ferriferous minerals, with a good result obtained. Based on the mapping result, the paper has discussed the spatial relationship of the ferriferous minerals to gas anomaly and gas distribution. 

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    Technology Application
    A TENTATIVE MEASUREMENT STUDY OF GIS EXPLORATORY SPATIAL DATA
    ANALYSIS IN URBAN LAND DISTRIBUTION INFORMATION EXTRACTION
    CHEN Si-Yuan, QU Fu-Tian, CAO Da-Gui, LI Dian-You
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 47-50.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.11
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (561KB) ( 1234 )

    The measurement of GIS Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis in the land price distribution information extraction was study in this paper. As it is very difficult to satisfy the two premises in the traditional statistics for land price samples, other methods should be sought for. The Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) has been set up on the mathematic basis, which has some spatial methods for land price distribution. Besides, a few samples should be needed and the spatial relationship has been considered. It can therefore be used to study the land price distribution.  The actuality research of ESDA was expounded in a case of urban commercial land price by GIS Arc / Info 8.0 in this paper.  First, its mathematic basis was described. Then the measurements of GIS Exploratory spatial Data Analysis were studied, which included the data structure research, full trend analysis, searching direction and so on. In the end, the GIS Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis measurement was investigated with the Kriging Analysis as an example. The error analysis indicates that, if the frequency distribution of the samples assumes Normal Q-Q Plots and the measurements are used properly, the result is acceptable.

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    SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF RUBBER PLANTATION
    AND ITS IMPACTS ON TROPICAL FOREST IN XISHUANGBANNA
    ZHANG Pei-Fang, XU Jian-Chu, WANG Mao-Xin, DENG Xi-Qing
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 51-55.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.12
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (867KB) ( 2405 )

     Xishuangbanna is one of the largest tropical forest vegetation and highest biodiversity regions and also an important rubber-producing area in China. This paper has studied the impacts of rubber plantation on the fragmentation of tropical forests and its substitution for natural forests. It is concluded that the rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna shows significant geophysical patterns and high spatial and temporal dynamics. Rubber plantation has had no significant impacts on soil erosion but has evidently accelerated fragmentation, resulting in the homogeneity of landscape. Although rubber plantation has social and economic benefit in a certain degree, it has obviously threatened the biodiversity and stability of the tropical forest ecosystem.

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    RESEARCHES ON METHODS FOR LAND USE INFORMATION EXTRACTION
    IN COMPLICATED TERRAIN AREAS ON  LOESS PLATRAU
    LIANG Wei, YANG Qin-Ke, LIU Yong-Mei
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 56-60.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.13
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (558KB) ( 1525 )

     Soil erosion is one of the important environment problems,and land use classification is an important process in this aspect. The normal automatic classification (supervised classification and unsupervised classification) based on spectral characteristics cannot meet the accuracy needed. Therefore, the slope (produced by DEM) which affects the land use type location and the NDVI (produced by TM images) which reflects the vegetation coverage sensitivity should be taken into account. With Yanhe basin as the study area, the authors carried out the research on methods for extracting the land use information in complicated areas on the loess plateau. The result indicates that the division of the image into several parts according to the TM image characteristics and the extraction of the land use type one by one assisted by the slope are suitable for the complicated terrain area. The result obtained serves as an important reference to the remote sensing classification technical system. 

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    ORCHARD INFORMATION EXTRACTION FROM THE SPOT-5
    IMAGE BASED ON SUB-REGION AND HIERARCHICAL THEORY
    WANG Da-Peng, WANG Zhou-Long, LI De-Yi
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 61-64.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.14
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (665KB) ( 1667 )

    Orchard is an important agricultural industry in Jiaodong peninsular. The prompt and effective

    extraction of the orchard information is of great significance in guiding fruit production and local planning. In

    this paper, the authors investigated the orchard information extraction model from the SPOT-5 image based on sub-

    region and hierarchical theory by using texture information, spectral information and spatial information.

    Experiments show that the model formulated by the authors can work efficiently.

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    A STUDY OF DIESHUI IN THE CAOWEI RIVER AREA
    ON THE BASIS OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE
    LIU Hai-Jun, YU De-Qing, LIU Deng-Zhong, XIA Qing, YAN Ling
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 65-68.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.15
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (536KB) ( 1586 )

     Based on collecting and analyzing geographic, geologic and hydrologic data and supported by

    corresponding digital image process software, the authors used multi-time satellite data and aerial photographs to

    analyze and investigate the Caowei River. The cause of Dieshui in Caowei River channel was studied in the light of

    geology and water dynamics. The development trend of the Caowei River is predicted, which can be used as the

    reference data for the dredging of the channel of the Caowei River.

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    A RIVERWAY EVOLUTION ANALYSIS BASED ON REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE:
    A CASE STUDY OF THE LOWER REACHES OF THE BEIJIANG RIVER
    ZHONG Kai-Wen, LIU Wan-Xia, HUANG Jian-Ming
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 69-73.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.16
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (575KB) ( 1488 )

    In the past thirty years, the coastwise change has been very obvious in the lower reaches of the

    Beijiang River. With the development of economy, the riverway environment has changed tempestuously, but the mastery

    of the change regularity is very difficult on the basis of traditional measures. With the advantages of macroscopic,

    dynamic and systematic researches, the RS technology can be used to study the characteristics of riverway evolution

    form the view of spanning a historical period of time. Using MSS and TM as the data source including 7 periods in

    the past thirty years and the 1︰50000 topographic map, the authors studied the flux of the riverside, the evolution

    of the bottomland and riverway by using 3S and on the basis of RS recognition symbols and characteristics of the

    image. According to the 3S analysis of the data available between 1975 and 2002, the riverway experienced an obvious

    evolutionary process, the bank and bottomland changed distinctly, and part of the area was filled up. According to

    the characteristics of the transverse evolution of the riverway relative to the longitudinal evolution in this

    period,it is concluded that the longitudinal distortion of the riverway affected the transverse distortion, i.e.,

    there exists an inverse variation relationship between the transverse distortion and the longitudinal distortion.

    The development trend of the riverway seems to become increasingly steady.

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    HE MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY OF THE
    AKSU-TARIM RIVER BASED ON REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE
    ZHANG Fei, TA Xi-Fu-La-Ti-?Te-Yi-Bai, WANG Zhi
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 74-89.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.17
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1052KB) ( 1333 )

    Remote sensing of water pollution has constituted an important research field in recent years. This

    paper intends to analyze water pollution of the Aksu-Tarim River section using TM data. A model has been established

    between the DN values of TM images and the ground water pollution data obtained from the local water monitoring

    agency along four cross sections of the river. The results indicate that there exists a good correlation between the

    DN values and the ground data, suggesting that the model is applicable for the estimation of water quality in the

    river. Using the model, the authors tried to re-build the water quality variation curves of the river from the

    available TM images. This study provides another example for the argument that remote sensing is a powerful

    technique for water pollution monitoring. It is highly possible for remote sensing to assess water quality in a

    river system when high-quality spatial and temporal remote sensing data required are available.

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    GIS
    RESEARCHS ON THE RAPID IMPORTING OF REMOTE SENSING
    IMAGES AND METADATA ACQUIRING SYSTEM
    DU Xiao, JIN Pei-Dong, GUO Da-Hai, WANG Jian-Chao, ZHOU Ying-Jie
    REMOTE SENSING FOR LAND & RESOURCES. 2006, 18 (3): 80-84.   DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.18
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (524KB) ( 1537 )

    The remote sensing images are usually imported directly into the professional relational database.

    Nevertheless, for the large data size of images, the time consuming on reading and transmission would be

    unendurable, which adversely affects the user-friendly function. Starting with a different angle, the authors

    transform the remote sensing image into the user-defined file which can be handled by the operation system. Metadata

    information of images can be extracted and stored into the relational database, with each metadata item

    corresponding to a user-defined file. In this way, the importing and exporting of mass remote sensing data can be

    greatly speeded up, and the metadata information can be consulted quickly and conveniently.

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