HJ-1 optical satellites are to be launched firstly in small satellite constellation for environment and

disaster monitoring and forecasting. The status of the operation and application has an important theoretical and

[JP2]practical significance for the development of the subsequent constellation. Based on the data characteristics

of HJ-1[JP] optical satellites such as the temporal, spatial and spectral resolutions , the spectra and the swath

width, and considering the requirements of remote sensing application, the authors have analyzed and estamated the

usability of HJ-1 optical satellites comprehensively. It is held that the HJ-1 optical satellites can meet the

principal working needs in China and its neighboring countries in remote sensing application, and will surely have

a wide application potential.

 The spatial information technology with the core of 3S technology provides a scientific detection means

for understanding and discovery of the formation and evolution of the cultural heritage of the mankind.

Comprehensive use of the 3S technology in integrated detection is a new trend in future archaeology methods, and

multi-source information fusion and intercross-integration of methods are problems that need to be studied now.

This paper has discussed the latest development of the 3S technology in archaeological researches, and made a

review on the application situation, hot topics, development trends of GPS, RS and GIS in the current

archaeological work. On such a basis, the authors provide an integrated study architecture of archaeological

information supported by 3S technology, with the emphasis placed on the central role of multi-source and

heterogeneous data in the archaeological study. The research framework has considered the related scale in the

constraint of diverse models, and it provides a universal and scalable research scheme for environment

archaeology.

 Land evaluation is the assessment of land quality for a unique purpose, and is a process of the

matching of land condition with land use requirement. It is the core of land resource survey and research for the

follow-up planning, utilization, development, reorganization and protection of land resources. The development of

the geographic information system (GIS) technique with powerful spatial data storage and analysis capability in

recent decades has greatly improved the research and application of land evaluation. This paper gives a review on

the advances in land evaluation research with GIS based on the history of land evaluation, and points out the

possible orientation of the research in future.

 Surface displacement resulting from seasonal freezing bulge and thawing subsidence constitutes a main

hazard to engineering construction of permafrost regions, especially to the Qinghai-Tibet railway. One of the main

problems that the Qinghai-Tibet railway encounters is the effective detection of the displacement field. The

interferometric SAR technique has the capability for measuring ground deformation in a wide range of application.

PALSAR can keep high coherence in interferometry over non-urban areas, thus very suitable for analyzing

deformation over permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This paper presents the method of PALSAR

interferometry for analyzing ground surface displacement. The proposed technique was implemented by using ENVISAT

ASAR images to detect the deformation over permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the results are in

accordance with the results obtained by a traditional ground leveling method. Such an achievement encourages

future utilization of PALSAR interferometry to analyze deformation of the frozen earth in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The data field cluster method was used to map the dataset in the spectral space and fully reflect the

contribution of the spectral point to the cluster through potential. The classification of remote sensing images

was conducted by such means as the construction of feature space, calculation of potential and segmentation of

gradient images. The influence of radiation factors and radiation radii on the cluster is also discussed in this

paper.

 In this paper, a new ETM+ image controllable fusion method based on wavelet transform is proposed. By

introducing parameters, these ETM+ image were fused in wavelet space and the balance between preservation of

spectral characteristics and retention of high spatial resolution can be achieved at different levels.

Experimental results show that, with the combination of some parameters, the visual effects and the statistic

indices that traditional image fusion methods fail to achieve can be attained by using the method proposed in this

paper.

 In this paper, basic characteristics of the wavelet base are analyzed, and a common method for choosing

wavelet bases in compression of the remote sensing image based on wavelet transform is described briefly. Eight

images with different representative ground objects were respectively compressed with four kinds of representative

wavelet bases in a wavelet transform coding experiment. The application effects of these wavelet bases were

evaluated by five methods. The results show that the application effect of wavelet base D (9, 7) is the best. On

such a basis, an improved method for choosing wavelet bases is proposed.

In the light of characteristics of some building shadow outlines in high resolution images, the authors

put forward a new method for measuring the shadow width based on the Curvature Scale Space (CSS) method. This

semiautomatic method first computes the shortest distance between corners, then performs length and angle

filtering, and finally calculates statistical averages. The campus of Beijing Normal University was chosen as the

test field. The result demonstrates that this method can make up such drawbacks in the manual work of shadow width

measurement as the cumbersome process and low efficiency and at the same time effectively improve the calculation

precision.

It is held that the combination of remote sensing and sampling technology can be effectively used in

area measurement. At present, the methods of random sampling, systematic sampling and stratified sampling are

widely used in remote sensing sampling. Based on remote sensing images, this paper has discussed from different

angles the random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling that includes equal-count, equal-area and

equal-dist. It is found that: (1) for the same features, from three indicators (the average error percentage,

standard deviation and difference), the precision of stratified sampling is better than that of random sampling

and systematic sampling, (2) for different features, the use of three stratified sampling method and the results

obtained are proportional to the percentage of features, i.e., the greater the percentage of features, the better

the results, and (3) from three indicators (the average error percentage, standard deviation and difference), the

three kinds of stratified sampling methods (equal-count, equal-area and equal-dist) have their respective own

merits, and the precision is also closely related to the percentage of features.

This paper describes the process of CBERS-02 images mosaic for whole China as well as some key

techniques such as automatic removing aberration of CBERS-02 image, geometic correction, image mosaic, and color

adjustment. With these techniques, China digital mosaic maps based on CBERS-02 data were compiled successfully.

 Using Landsat TM imagery, the author investigated urban surface temperature and its relationship with

such underlying surface parameters as NDVI, SAVI, NDBI, NDMI, Tasseled Cap Brightness (TCB), Greenness (TCG) and

Wetness (TCW), total shortwave albedo, and visible and near-IR broadband albedos in Jinan City, Shandong province.

The results show that the mean land surface temperature (Ts) in the built-up areas is 11.04℃, higher than that in

the suburban areas. Simple linear models between landcover parameters and Ts derived from Landsat TM thermal image

were built by using robust LTS regression and classic least-squares regression. Ts is negatively correlated with

vegetation indices (NDVI, SAVI and TCG), wetness indices (NDMI and TCW) and near-IR broadband albedo and

positively correlated with brightness indices (NDBI and TCB) and visible broadband albedo at the significant level

of α=0.05. However, simple linear relationship between Ts and total shortwave albedo does not exist. Most of the

regression models have high fitness score, except only for the two models associated with TCW and TCB. It is

also shown that the linear regression model between NDMI and Ts is most robust, while the regression equations

associated with visible and near-IR broadband albedo, TCW and TCB are not robust.

Forest fires have become a critical factor that affects the terrestrial ecosystems, and remote sensing is an important means for obtaining surface information. MODIS images have the merits of high spatial resolution and multispectra.  A study of MODIS data can yield important data resources. The authors used near infrared, middle-far infrared, far infrared and thermal infrared MODIS bands to monitor the forest fires, mainly based on the MODIS 7 band and using Direct Criterion Method for high-temperature fires and Comprehensive Threshold Discrimination for non-high-temperature fires. It is proved that fire monitoring has very importan

The Fire Potential Index(FPI) model makes use of the combustible thing diagram, the burden of live and dead surface vegetation and the degree of humidity to estimate the possibility of forest fire occurrence. The authors used the MODIS data to extract all factors used in fire forecast, which included relative humidity, temperature, humidity of ten hours time lag combustible materials, normal vegetation water index, and vegetation greenness. The application of FPI model to fire forecast was tested by weather and vegetation data obtained by MODIS from Heilongjiang in October 2004 and from some provinces in southern China in March 2008. These data were input into the FPI model to obtain the fire insurance index chart. Practice shows that the utilization of the FPI model can raise the capability for the forecast of the temporal and geographic distribution of fire danger and improve the prediction technique.

 After “5•12” strong earthquake happened in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, research workers from China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources went into action with the help of such units as the Air Force and the Headquarters of General Staff. They rapidly got access to the serious quake-hit areas such as Beichuan and Wenchuan and obtained aerial remote sensing data. Based on aerial remote sensing data in combination with data from Beijing 1st small satellites and CBERS-02B satellite, this paper describes in brief the results acquired from the investigation of barrier lakes caused by the earthquake.

Utilizing Landsat TM/ETM+ and Terra ASTER data, the authors retrieved the land surface temperature (LST) of Beijing during the summer of 1990~2007, and analyzed the spatial distribution and temporal variation of LST in the study area. The retrieval of LST from Landsat TM/ETM+ data applied the generalized single-channel method, while split-window algorithm was introduced to the retrieval from ASTER data. The LST data were converted to histogram equalized maps and then synthetically compared and analyzed. Spatial distribution of LST in the summer of each year as well as the temporal diversion was summarized. It is thus known that the Heat Island Effect has been mitigated since 1999. In the end, the shortcomings in the achievements are analyzed, and the orientation of future work is pointed out as well.

 Based on the RS and GIS technology, the authors mapped the remote sensing images of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, interpreted and studied the water system of Gangdise block and, in combination with the fault interpretation of Gangdise area, analyzed the distribution characteristics of the water system in the study area. The results show that the water system pattern is controlled by active tectonics. The authors hold that the uplift belt and the rift zone in the Gangdise block has been uplifted discrepantly, along with the whole uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since the Neogene. There exist many different kinds of nearly NS-trending fault structures along with the intense uplift of the plateau. In addition, the distribution and shapes of water systems and string-shaped lakes in Gangdise hinterland are controlled by the fierce neotectonic movement.

Different periods of remote sensing image data were processed on the basis of GIS and remote sensing technology and, as a result, data concerning five periods of water areas of eight main lakes along the Yangtze River were obtained. Based on an analysis of their temporal-spatial variation characteristics in combination with related data and field investigation, this paper has summed up the causes for the change of water areas and dealt with the countermeasures for rational utilization and protection of lake water resources.

In this paper, multispectral and panchromatic images of SPOT 5 in October 2004 and Beijing-1 satellite in September 2007 were selected to extract the information of soil erosion, with four factors, namely the vegetation coverage, slope, soil erodibility and land use, as the supplemental data. The changes of soil erosion in such aspects as distribution, area and intensity type and the driving force of these changes were analyzed in the northern mountainous area of Beijing during the period of 2004~2007. The results show that soil erosion was mainly light erosion and subordinately moderate erosion. Although the soil erosion intensity increased in some places, the total erosion area tended to decrease. The general erosion trend was moderate → light → slight in the northern mountainous area of Beijing in the period of 2004~2007. The overall situation had been markedly improved. Soil and water conservation efforts made by Beijing Municipal Government in recent years have proved to be highly effective.

This paper has analyzed the quality of high resolution ALOS satellite images by an empirical analysis method. Based on characteristics of ALOS images, the authors present methods and the flow of ALOS raw images preprocessing. The result shows that the images of ALOS should be used in combination with the images of other satellites when we conduct large-scale, large-area, high-precision and short-cycle land use map updating and dynamic monitoring. This is because the images of ALOS have such shortages as large amounts of work and strict application.

Based on RS images in combination with Optically Stimulated Luminescence（OSL） dating, pollen analysis and field geological survey, the authors deal with the formation and change of the Songliao Lake since late Pleistocene in the aspects of strata, neotectonics and depositional environment, which sheds light on the geological causes for modern desertification in Songliao plain.

Drought has long been one of the most serious natural disasters having important impacts on agricultural farming in Guangdong province. Agricultural drought monitoring using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) was examined in this paper. A practical approach was presented for agricultural drought monitoring and assessment in Guangdong province. An operational monitoring system was developed on the basis of the approach. Using the MODIS satellite data as the main input, the authors carried out a preliminary operation of the system for the year 2006 to assess drought severity in each 10-days from March to October. The results show that the drought phenomenon was not very severe in 2006 in Guangdong province. It   can be seen that light drought events happened in the province in mid-May, early-July, mid-August and late-September. The monitoring results are consistent to the spatial variation of drought events observed in the province in 2006, indicating the applicability of the approach to drought monitoring.

The contradiction between massive Distributed-GIS data and limited bandwidths of network resources is becoming more and more serious, and the inquiry of distant vector data and the transmission of massive data have become the key to the problem. Based on analyzing the method of massive data inquiry, combined with the query optimized method of spatial database and cost function, the authors propose a vector data inquiry method which is optimized and can be transplanted to the client and realize the data inquiry of topologic differences. Experiments have proved that this method is effective in improving the inquiry speed and maintaining a good network-load performance.

The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a common method for systematic analysis and designing. However, when it is used in comprehensive evaluation of the ecological environment of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the weight of factors must be positive, and this affects the expression effect. This paper deals with the optimization of AHP in its application to this field, which improves the assignment means in the building of judgment matrix, and introduces negative numbers to the process of evaluation. Tests prove that accurate evaluation of the ecological environment of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau can be achieved by using the optimized method.