61Regional soil moisture maps are derived from SAR C-band VV polarization data.61Such maps can be integrated into water management tools in semi-arid regions.61Surface soil moisture as low as 5% was monitored with C-band SAR on bare soil.61LANDSAT TM5 soil moisture regional maps were not accurate.

<p>通过对遥感技术和遥感地质发展现状和发展趋势的分析，以经济和社会可持续发展对矿产资源、能源和地质信息的重大需求为牵引，以地质理论、地球系统理论和复杂性科学理论为指导，围绕地质工作的地质矿产调查、地质灾害和环境监测、矿山开发和环境监测的三大战略任务，提出建设和发展地质矿产和能源遥感勘查和评价技术系统、地质灾害和地质环境监测技术系统及业务运行系统、矿山开发和矿山环境监测技术系统及业务运行系统三大应用技术系统和卫星数据采集和地质应用服务系统、全数字化综合航空遥感集成与信息服务系统两大信息服务系统的遥感地质发展战略目标。促进和实现遥感地质分析由定性向定量，遥感地质应用由单技术向技术集成，地质服务由数据向数据、技术和信息的综合服务方向发展和转化。提出了近期和中期重点发展的技术和重点研究领域，讨论了它们的研究现状、存在问题、研究重点和需进一步深入研究的关键技术问题。</p>

阐述了高光谱遥感的特点、优势,以及在航空及航天领域的发展情况,列举了几种典型高光谱成像仪的光学系统原理和主要技术指标。在此基础上,概述了高光谱遥感在植被生态、大气环境、地质矿产、海洋、军事等领域的应用情况。最后对高光谱遥感发展趋势提出了几点建议,包括低反射率目标遥感、高信噪比、高空间分辨率及宽覆盖范围等方面。

Urban land use extraction from Very High Resolution (VHR) remote sensing images is important in many applications. This study explores a novel way to characterize the spatial arrangement of land cover features, and to integrate it with commonly used land use indicators. Characterization is done based upon building objects, taking their functional properties into account. We categorize the objects to a set of building types according to their geometrical, morphological, and contextual attributes. The spatial arrangement is characterized by quantifying the distribution of building types within a land use unit. Moreover, a set of existing land use indicators primarily based upon the coverage ratio and density of land cover features is investigated. A Bayesian network integrates the spatial arrangement and land use indicators, by which the urban land use is inferred. We applied urban land use extraction to a Pl iades VHR image over the city of Wuhan, China. Our results showed that integrating the spatial arrangement significantly improved the accuracy of urban land use extraction as compared with using land use indicators alone. Moreover, the Bayesian network method produced results comparable to other commonly used classifiers. We concluded that the proposed characterization of spatial arrangement and Bayesian network integration was effective for urban land use extraction from VHR images.

region containing the Nacunan Man-and-Biosphere Reserve and surrounding unprotected areas. The AVIRIS data, combined with the mixture modeling, provided highly accurate estimates of PV, NPV, and bare soil in comparison with field measurements (0.83

Field remote sensing, and modelling observations from a degraded Mojave Desert shrubland were used to develop a model of the progressive degradation of areas adjacent to sites of direct anthropogenic disturbance. Aeolian removal and transport and dust, sand, and litter are the primary mechanisms of degradation, killing plants by burial and abrasion, interrupting natural processes of nutrient accumulation, and allowing the loss of soil resources by abiotic transport. It is concluded that any arid shrubland with wind-erodible soils is susceptible to degradation, and where possible development of these lands should be avoided.

土地资源的高效管理对土地资源与生态环境监测提出更高的要求,高光谱遥感图像精细的光谱线可提高土地动态监测的精度、广度和深度,在土地资源与土地质量监测中具有广阔的应用前景。本文基于高光谱遥感技术,详细探讨了土地质量指标,主要是土壤有机质土壤水分信息提取的技术流程和关键技术。通过地物光谱分析认为,有机质含量越高的土壤,其光谱发射率越低;重度沙化土地实验室光谱曲线光谱反射率最高,依次排序为中度沙化、轻度沙化和无退化土地;重度水蚀土地光谱反射率较高,但中度水蚀土地与轻度水蚀和无退化土地实验室光谱曲线无明显差异。在光谱分析基础上,利用多元统计分析技术建立了土壤光谱在677、1202、2074和1509nm四个波段的有机质反演模型和在1423、1524、1746nm三个波段的预测土壤含水量的回归模型;并将有机质反演模型应用于宜兴成像光谱遥感数据中,进行宜兴试验区土壤有机质参数成图。最后探讨了反演模型应用推广所存在的问题。

全国矿山遥感监测是一项具有中国特色的基础国情调查工作。2014年的遥感调查与监测查明,全国矿山开发占地220.42万hm2,约占全国陆域面积的0.22%; 正在利用的矿山开发占地面积约为113. 48万hm2,废弃的矿山开发占地约为98.25万hm2,已恢复治理矿山面积约为8.69万hm2; 除矿山环境恢复治理区外,全国矿山开发损毁、占用土地211.73万hm2,其中,损毁149. 33万hm2,占用62.40万hm2; 全国圈定矿山地质灾害4 716处,包括采矿塌陷1 887处、滑坡1 296处、崩塌1 093处、泥石流440处。根据上述监测成果,初步分析了全国矿山地质环境现状与目前存在的主要问题,提出了对策建议,并展望了全国矿山遥感监测领域的进一步研究方向。

离子吸附型稀土矿山开采不仅会占用及破坏土地资源,还会造成土地荒漠化等严重的地质环境问题,如何快速、准确、实时地进行稀土矿山监测,成为一个重要的科学问题.本文选取江西定南稀土矿区为研究区,以2015年高分一号数据为主要信息源,建立稀土矿山主要地物解译标志,开展稀土矿山占地现状调查;并结合2011年的Geoeye遥感数据,运用光谱角填图方法提取两期数据的土地荒漠化区域,开展稀土矿山土地荒漠化动态监测示范研究.研究结果表明遥感能够为稀土矿山监测提供良好的技术手段,且国产高分一号数据能够替代国外卫星数据在矿山监测中发挥重要作用.

矿产资源是一种不可再生的自然资源,传统的矿山监测方法已不再满足当今矿山发展的需要,遥感技术的发展为矿山的开发和管理提供了有力的技术支撑.文中以国土资源部整顿和规范矿产资源开发秩序的重点矿区——宜昌磷矿区为研究区,通过对QuickBird高分辨率遥感影像进行数据处理,分析矿山开发的标志地物并建立解译标志,将解译结果进行野外调查验证,得出该研究区矿山种类共有11类,优势矿种是磷矿,有221个开采点或开采面,其中界内开采159个,越界开采17个,无证开采28个,以采代探17个,停产或关闭76个.将解译结果和历年

人类大规模地进行矿山开采造成生态环境问题,导致土壤发生变化,并引起矿山环境发生变化,矿区废弃土土壤恢复有利于该地区矿山环境的改进.在野外实测光谱的基础上,对江西德兴矿区废弃土土壤恢复潜力进行分析,并结合Hyperion高光谱数据,通过光谱吸收指数法反演铁离子含量、粘土矿物含量和有机质含量.结果显示,在德兴矿区一号坝、二号坝、四号坝和铜矿的土壤有益成分相对较低.铁、粘土矿物和有机质含量高值区主要分布为有林地,说明该区域土壤质量较好;一号、二号、四号尾矿库、废石场及选矿厂等地区,由于矿山的开采活动破坏了原有的土壤,土地耕种存在一定的难度,应采取相应的工程、生物和区域生态环境的改良等措施对土壤进行恢复治理.

<p>在综合分析大量文献的基础上,归纳了高光谱技术在矿山次生矿物识别、重金属浓度反演、pH值定量估算、污染植被信息提取等方面的应用,总结了基于高光谱遥感提取有关氧化和脱水状态动态分析、气候变化追踪等信息的研究进展,展示了高光谱技术在矿山环境调查监测领域的广阔应用前景。研究表明,含铁硫化物及其氧化矿物标准光谱库的建立具有重大意义,推动了酸性矿山环境高光谱遥感研究; 对矿山环境地质作用与光谱响应之间关系的认识逐渐深入,促进了高光谱地质应用模型的开发; 高光谱数据蕴含着丰富的矿山环境地学信息,具备提取多方面重要信息的潜力。最后结合当前欧美发达国家开发高光谱小卫星的实际,指出今后矿山环境高光谱遥感研究将从矿物及矿物成分识别转向矿物形成时的物理化学性质反演、从短期调查向长期监测、从航空向航天、从单一矿山向成矿区带或大型矿集区转变。</p>

The geology of Zhejiang coastal area in Southeast China is characterized by numerous Late Mesozoic intrusive rocks and widespread mafic dyke swarms, which indicate continental lithospheric extensional eventsduring the Jurassic and Cretaceous. This work is focused on using multisource high-resolution remote sensing images (Worldview2, Geoeye1 and Quickbird2) to identify the geometry, morphology and location of previously undocumented and poorly understood dyke swarms exposed on the islands in Zhejiang Province. The geometry of each dyke is described by its strike, length and thickness. The spatial distribution of the dyke density and crustal dilation are obtained based on the statistics of 774 extracted mafic dykes. Field surveys are performed in some islands in order to analyze the detailed geometric features and assess the interpretative accuracy. The spectral measurement and analysis of mafic dykes are performed as well for remote sensing imagery processing and lithological interpretation. The results show that the frequency distributions of the length and thickness of dykes follow power law curves. The maximum and mean dyke thicknesses are 11.2m and 1.43m, respectively. The crustal dilation of the islands ranges from 0.09% to 7.4%. From the north to the south islands, the dilation decreases gradually. The dyke frequency and density have the same distribution as the dilation. According to 40Ar 39Ar age (Zhongshanjie archipelago) and U b zircon age (Sijiao Island) of the mafic dyke, the dyke swarms on the eastern Zhejiang islands emplaced at around 87 97Ma. The cross-cutting relationships of dykes and host rocks show that the mafic dyke swarms have close spatial correlations with granite. The dykes stretch in various directions whereas the NE-trending dykes dominate. Our research reveals four intrusive events that imply the crustal extension and intermittent variation of the regional stress field in the coastal area of southeastern China in the Late Cretaceous.

The latest WorldView-2 high resolution satellite images were applied to remote sensing geological survey in Tashkurgan area of west Kunlun. According to optimum index factor (OIF) is selected the band combination B8-B4-B3which is suitable for geological interpretation and information extraction in the area. The result shows that band ratio highlights lithologies of diorite, marble, schist etc. and their boundaries, principal component transform enhances boundary between quartz-biotite schist and white granite body and presents different tones and brightness of schists in which content of some minerals is varied. Spectrum measurement of rocks and minerals in test area, lithology inversion and extraction of remote sensing mineralization anomaly information indicate that spectrum inversion effect is better on mono-mineral lithologies, such as marble. Result of the principal component transform of bands B1, B4, B8, B6 and Fe mineralization information extraction shows that PC3 is the characteristic component of iron stain. WorldView-2 data are suitable to carry out geological and mineral remote sensing survey and advantageous in both high ground resolution of optical characteristics and a certain spectral recognition capability and are effective not only for information extraction from large area but also for recognition of local outcrop of mineralization thus valuable to popularized.

利用机载高光谱遥感数据(CASI/SASI),对甘肃北山成矿带金滩子-明金沟一带的蚀变矿物异常信息进行提取和分析,总结了区内蚀变矿物异常信息的分布规律及成因;结合典型岩石、矿物ASD地面光谱测量,对不同地质体中蚀变矿物的光谱曲线特征进行分析、总结;选取研究区北部明金沟金矿床的矿化蚀变地质剖面开展光谱测量,结合成矿地质条件分析,建立基于区内金矿床的高光谱遥感找矿模型。以找矿模型为指导,综合成矿地质背景及地球化学异常特征,筛选出成矿有利区段,进而通过野外查证检验高光谱异常信息在成矿预测中的应用效果。野外查证表明圈定出的找矿预测区金矿化发育,成矿潜力较好,说明高光谱遥感能为找矿提供较为准确且可靠的信息。

遥感的发展极大地拓宽了人类的视野和视觉能力，以其宏观性、综合性、多尺度、多层次的特点，已成为地质研究和地质勘查不可缺少的方面军，在地质调查、矿产勘查、地质环境评价、地质灾害监测和基础地质研究等方面都发挥了越来越大的作用。随着传感器分辨率（空间、光谱、时间、辐射）的不断提高，特别是高光谱和干涉雷达技术的发展，不仅极大地提高了遥感的观测尺度、对地物的分辨本领和识别的精细程度，而且使遥感地质发生了由宏观探测到微观探测，由定性解译到定量反演的质的飞跃，将遥感地质和应用都推向一个新的高度。本文首先简要介绍了遥感技术的发展及其意义，遥感地质找矿的原理、方法和遥感找矿模型，然后分别从岩矿波谱、遥感图像处理、多光谱蚀变异常提取、高光谱矿物识别与填图、InSAR地表形变调查与监测、遥感找矿模型、遥感地质灾害调查与监测7个方面介绍了遥感的基本原理、主要的技术方法、技术特点和技术关键、主要的应用领域，以及取得的一些研究成果和应用实例

<p>遥感方法用于油气勘探已有多年的历史。随着高光谱遥感技术的发展,高光谱遥感油气勘探近年来取得了很大的进展。简要介绍了高光谱油气勘探的基本原理和流程,重点讨论了烃渗漏引起地表烃异常、岩石矿物蚀变异常以及植被异常的高光谱响应机制,以及目前研究中存在的问题。归纳总结了目前用于油气勘探的高光谱影像数据类型及特点。高光谱遥感方法用于油气勘探,在高光谱异常响应机制、数据来源以及数据处理和分析方面还有许多问题有待解决,针对这些问题,提出了相应的解决思路。</p>

<p>高光谱遥感识别烃蚀变矿物可用于探测油气烃类微渗漏和定位地下油气藏。以有天然气分布的柴达木盆地东部三湖地区为研究区，对Hyperion高光谱数据进行重采样处理，克服了目标识别矿物不明显和传感器低信噪比的影响。通过确定烃蚀变矿物高光谱遥感探测的指示标志，采用线性光谱（SAM）拟合与光谱匹配（SAM）相结合的方法确定了影像端元对应的矿物组分。识别结果表明，合理缩减影像波段数和确定影像端元的方法，能有效提高烃蚀变矿物的高光谱遥感识别精度。</p>

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths provide a rapid and inexpensive means for determining the mineralogy of samples and obtaining information on chemical composition. Hydrocarbon microseepage theory establishes a cause-and-effect relation between oil and gas reservoirs and some special surface anomalies, which mainly include surface hydrocarbon microseepage and related alterations. Therefore, we can explore for oil, gas by determining reflectance spectra of surface anomalies. This idea has been applied to the R&D project of exploring for natural gas in Qinghai province of China using NASA EO-1 satellite with the Hyperion sensor (June 2005 to June 2006). In this project, in order to improve the accuracy of exploration targets of natural gas mapped in the field studied, an integrated practical system of exploration of oil and gas was built by the analysis of not only hyperspectral remote sensing data but also data provided from field work. In this paper, our efforts were focused on the analysis of the 799 reflectance spectra provided from the field work. In order to properly define the typical form of hydrocarbon microseepage with spectroscopy and fulfill the data analysis, it was necessary to build a spectral model. In this spectral model the most important features of hydrocarbon microseepage in the surface of our study area, i.e., diagnostic spectral macroscopic features and diagnostic spectral absorption features, were proposed and extracted, respectively. The distribution of coexisting anomalies, which results from both alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, is estimated by the diagnostic macroscopic features mainly using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier. On the other hand, the diagnostic absorption features of two main absorption bands presented abundant local information, based on deep analysis of which, we are able to map the anomalies of alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, respectively. Additionally, a general framework of analysis and key classification algorithms applied to the Hyperion data have been introduced briefly. In our work, three exploration targets of natural gas were identified from the study area which covers 2100 km 2. In the three exploration targets, three wildcats have been drilled by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) since July 2006, and all the three wells have been proven some industrial reserves.

Remote sensing allows for cost- and time-efficient monitoring of landscapes vital to the conservation of natural resources, ecosystems, and biodiversity. This review synthesizes and recommends best practice change detection methods for land management groups to monitor chief ecological change indicators currently monitored in United States protected areas. The indicators frequently monitored via change detection and reviewed here include: land use/land cover, disturbance, and phenology. Landsat data products are recommended for monitoring land use/land cover and disturbance, due to their continuous data accessibility free of cost since 1972. Data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) are recommended for monitoring changes in phenology due to its 1 2day return interval at any given location. Best-practice remote sensing methods are stressed, such as careful validation of results, either by combination of remotely sensed datasets with high resolution imagery or in situ data, in order to increase accuracy and to better align the remotely sensed data to the scale of the on-the-ground processes. Reported results should always be presented with utmost clarity in a manner that is both applicable to managers and understood by the general public. Increased collaborations between ecologists, land managers, conservation groups, and scientists are compulsory for successful integration of remote sensing-based monitoring, which is vital for effective conservation in protected areas. Remote sensing change detection quantifies the effects of humans on a landscape scale without creating further disturbances to ecologically sensitive areas; the results of which can be used for efficient conservation management into the future.

<div style="line-height: 150%">长江三峡库区是我国最重要的生态敏感区之一,受三峡水利工程和相关人类活动影响,其生态环境变化显著.揭示三峡库区生态系统结构、功能和生态过程的变化对于维护库区生态安全具有重要意义.生态环境遥感为此提供了关键途径,并在三峡库区生态环境研究中受到重视.现有的三峡库区生态环境变化遥感研究往往存在较大差异,难以有效反映生态环境变化和响应特征,加之生态本底和人类干扰活动的复杂性,三峡库区生态环境变化遥感研究仍面临诸多挑战.本文对库区环境变化遥感研究的发展阶段、研究尺度、遥感数据和方法等进行了系统总结,并从土地利用/覆盖变化、植被变化、水土安全、生态服务价值评价、生态系统健康与生态规划5个方面对库区生态环境变化遥感研究进展进行综述,在此基础上探讨了当前三峡库区生态环境变化遥感研究存在的问题,并提出未来研究中需重点关注的主要科学问题,以期为三峡库区生态环境管理和类似地区生态环境变化遥感研究提供参考.</div><div style="line-height: 150%">&nbsp;</div><div style="line-height: 150%"></br>&nbsp;</div>

近年来, 吉林省西部盐渍化土壤面积不断扩大, 土壤质量退化日趋加剧, 不但对该区域的土地资源造成了严重的破坏, 而且对农业生产和生态环境构成巨大的威胁。 该研究将遥感信息中的偏振信息和高光谱信息相结合, 通过对吉林省西部盐渍化土壤光谱特征的获取, 选择合适的波段, 建立普适模型, 并进行科学验证。 研究表明, 盐渍化土壤的偏振高光谱信息与其理化属性参数具有一定的相关关系, 并具有规律性, 这对盐渍化土壤表面反射机理研究、 盐渍化土壤目标与背景的识别、 分类, 土壤偏振传感器的研制、 偏振光遥感信息的利用以及定量遥感的发展均具有重大理论意义。

Highlights 61 Propose new index (Forest Recovery Index – FRI) to detect post-fire larch forest regeneration. 61 Synergistic use of different remote sensing based indices (FVC and FRI) to monitor different stages of post-fire larch forest succession. 61 First assessment and trajectory of larch forest regeneration after fire in the taiga-steppe transition zone in northern Mongolia/south central Siberia using remote sensing. Abstract Remote sensing with time series data offers considerable potential in the trajectory of post forest fire dynamics beyond the current monitoring of structural attributes that are displayed in the post-fire area. Many studies have addressed this topic by using time series remote sensing indices; however, this approach has sometimes been demonstrated as an unrealistic and biased representation of the post-fire forest patterns due to the saturation issues of vegetation indices. These saturation issues then lead to an underestimation of the forest successional stages and an overestimation of the forest recovery rate. This paper aims to develop a framework for trajectory of the post-fire forest patterns in the Siberian boreal larch forest (Larix sibirica) with the synergistic use of different remote sensing based vegetation-cover indicators derived from the Landsat time series and the WorldView-2 images. A time-series of the forest recovery index (FRI) and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) has been analyzed to estimate the rates of forest regeneration and vegetation recovery across different burn severity levels in the Siberian larch forest. The results showed that the FRI method can be used to observe the regrowth of the larch forest from the tenth year after the fire overlapping with the period of significant increase in the sapling stem volume. The post-fire larch forest canopy can fully recover to the pre-fire condition with respect to the magnitude of the FRI values after 30–47 years where the highest regeneration rate was observed in the moderate burn severity areas followed by the low and high burn severity. On the other hand, the FVC method was positively correlated with burn severity and more sensitive for evaluating the early stages of the forest succession in which the FVC dramatically increases after 5–6 years after the fire. The significant growth of FVC was accentuated by the maximum emergence of the sapling density as well as the rapid growth of herbaceous plants, grasses, shrubs, and shade-intolerant trees immediately after the fire, which could not be evaluated using the FRI. Both time series of the FRI and the FVC are valuable tools for determining the dominant stages of the post-fire larch forest succession in order to understand the relationships between fire disturbance and natural cycles of the boreal larch forest.

Gharda a, central Algeria, experienced a major outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in 2005. Two Leishmania species occur in this region: Leishmania major (MON-25) and Leishmania killicki (MON-301). The two species are transmitted respectively by the sandflies Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus sergenti and probably involve rodent reservoirs with different ecologies, suggesting distinct epidemiological patterns and distribution areas. The aims of this study were to establish risk maps for each Leishmania species in Gharda a, taking into account the specificities of their vectors and reservoirs biotopes, using land cover and topographical characteristics derived from remote sensing imagery. Using expert and bibliographic knowledge, habitats of vectors and reservoirs were mapped. Hazard maps, defined as areas of presence of both vectors and reservoirs, were then combined with vulnerability maps, defined as areas with human presence, to map the risk of CL occurrence due to each species. The vector habitat maps and risk maps were validated using available entomological data and epidemiological data. The results showed that remote sensing analysis can be used to map and differentiate risk areas for the two species causing CL and identify palm groves and areas bordering the river crossing the city as areas at risk of CL due to L. major, whereas more limited rocky hills on the outskirts of the city are identified as areas at risk of CL due to L. killicki. In the current context of urban development in Gharda a, this study provides useful information for the local authorities on the respective risk areas for CL caused by both parasites, in order to take prevention and control measures to prevent future CL outbreaks.

Slow-moving landslides generally are long-lived and characterized by continuous movement with some fluctuation in sliding rate following changes of environmental factors, such as rainfall and earthquake. Analysis on kinematics of this type of landslide is essential for understanding its mechanism and identifying causal factors controlling its movement behavior. This paper presents a study on kinematics of a giant slow-moving landslide in northwest China, called the Xieliupo landslide, which is about 7202×0210 6 02m 3 in volume and has been slowly moving for more than 10002years. This study is conducted using archival high resolution remote sensing images from multi-sources over a period about 4302years and the data from 15-month GPS monitoring. Six sets of multi-source remote sensing images in 1969, 1971, 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2012 with spatial resolution higher than 2.502m were used, and GPS monitoring data were recorded from September 2012 to December 2013. Obvious geomorphologic changes identified from the images in 1971 and 2004 confirm that this landslide did move slowly in the past. Quantitative analysis reveals that movement of the landslide was persistent and behaved in a block by block mode with the greatest and the least velocities in its middle and lower parts, respectively. Distance measurement between the homologous point pairs on the orthorectified images in 2005, 2010 and 2012 indicates that annual ground displacement of the landslide ranged from 0.5202m to 6.5402m in the seven years. GPS monitoring data shows that the landslide ground displacement in the 1502months varied from 0.4902m to 2.9102m, and annually between 0.3902m and 2.3302m, with a rather uniform movement pattern as identified using the remote sensing images. GPS monitoring results also reveal that the landslide movement is intermittent inter-annually. It is further discussed that movement behavior of the landslide is largely controlled by its topography with great influence of the active fault along its left hand flank and river erosion at its toe. Rainfall may affect inter-annual movement behavior of the landslide.

针对泥石流滑坡灾害体特有的物质组成与活动特点,通过比较分析其在不同遥感影像的光谱特征差异,选择ETM+影像作为主要数据源,提取湿度指数与绿度指数,利用ETM+的穗帽变换、影像差值增强、密度分割和掩膜技术建立了泥石流滑坡山地灾害快速提取模型,并用于汶川地震.通过灾害体的提取,分析了本次地震山地次生灾害的分布规律,利用空间叠加进行了成因的分析.本次地震山地灾害具有如下特点:(1)沿主要地表破裂带分布;(2)山地灾害主要出现在8度-9度地震烈度区,随着烈度的降低,山地灾害的总面积也相应的减少;(3)山地灾害主要发生在海拔高度1000-2500m的地带;(4)主要发生在坡度20°-50°之间的边坡上;(5)地震及余震期间以崩塌滑坡滚石为主,后期以泥石流滑坡为主;(6)具有河流左右两岸呈不对称分布等特点.结果表明,利用ETM+影像建立基于湿度指数与绿度指数的快速提取模型,对于大规模泥石流滑坡提取效果较好,进行大区域山地灾害的遥感快速提取是可行的.

<p>中国滑坡遥感研究与应用已有30多年的发展历史,作为滑坡调查的主要手段在大型工程建设中的滑坡灾害调查及危险性评价中发挥了重要作用。从4方面阐述了遥感技术在我国滑坡研究中的应用：① 区域滑坡灾害遥感调查;② 大型单体滑坡遥感调查;③ 滑坡灾害遥感监测;④ 遥感应用于滑坡风险评估。随着遥感技术理论的逐步完善和遥感图像空间分辨率、时间分辨率与波谱分辨率的不断提高,遥感技术已成为滑坡灾害调查、动态监测与预警、灾情实时调查与损失评估等工作中不可缺少的重要手段之一。</p>