渤海海冰时空分布特征和大气环流对渤海海冰的强迫作用

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2022441

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摘要

海冰灾害是渤海冬季的主要海洋灾害,对石油开采、海上运输和海洋渔业造成很大的危害,因此对海冰的生消变化监测和预测尤其重要。利用2001—2020年MODIS数据、再分析格点资料和气象观测站数据,经卫星资料反演得到日尺度渤海海冰面积,统计分析渤海海冰面积的年际变化特征和不同冰情年在初冰期、盛冰期和消融期的变化特征,利用合成分析和相关分析方法探讨了渤海海冰偏重冰年和轻冰年的大气环流差异。结果表明: 20 a间渤海海冰冰情等级越高,平均冰期越长,海冰面积经历了“少-多-少”的变化过程,海冰面积与积温变化趋势相反; 年内海冰生消过程为单峰型和多峰型,多峰型年冰期和大面积冰封时间更长; 渤海海冰初冰期集中分布在辽东湾,偏重冰年比轻冰年海冰面积多一倍,盛冰期3个海湾基本能覆盖到海冰,偏重冰年全部覆盖,消融期海冰仍以辽东湾为主,呈“东北—西南”向分布; 偏重冰年较轻冰年的大气环流形势更有利于海冰生成,贝加尔湖至我国东北一线高空槽后冷空气更强,温度更低。渤海冬季海冰冰情与500 hPa位势高度有较强的负相关性,500 hPa位势高度的强弱决定了渤海海冰的冰情。

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关键词 ：渤海海冰, 海冰面积, 冰情, 大气环流

Abstract：

Sea ice disasters, significant marine disasters in the Bohai Sea in winter, severely threaten oil exploitation, marine transportation, and fishery. Hence, it is particularly critical to monitor and predict the formation and melting of sea ice. Based on MODIS data, reanalysis grid data, and meteorological observation data from 2001 to 2020, this study derived the daily sea ice area of the Bohai Sea through the inversion of satellite data. Then, this study conducted a statistical analysis of changes in the sea ice area, including inter-annual variations and the variations during the freezing, severe ice, and melting periods in different years with sea ice disasters. Moreover, this study delved into the differences in the atmospheric circulation of the Bohai Sea between years with severe and mild sea ice disasters. The results show that: ① Over the past 20 years, higher sea ice grades in the Bohai Sea corresponded to longer ice periods, and the sea ice area experienced a decrease-increase-decrease process, which was opposite to the changes in accumulated temperature; ② Intra-annual sea ice formation and melting processes exhibited a single peak or multiple peaks, with the multi-peak type corresponding to a longer ice period and large-scale ice-bound time; ③ During the initial ice formation period, the sea ice in the Bohai Sea was primarily distributed in the Liaodong Bay, with the sea ice area in a year with severe sea ice disasters more than twice that in a year with mild sea ice disasters. During the ice period, the sea ice covered almost all three bays, completely covering the three bays in years with severe sea ice disasters. During the ice melting period, the sea ice still spread primarily in the Liaodong Bay, manifesting an EN-WS-directed distribution; ④ Compared to years with mild sea ice disasters, years with severe sea ice disasters showed more favorable atmospheric circulation for sea ice formation, accompanied by stronger and cooler cold air behind the upper-level trough along the area from Lake Baikal to Northeastern China. Furthermore, there is a strong negative correlation between the sea ice situation in the Bohai Sea and the 500 hPa geopotential height, with the latter determining the former.

Key words： sea ice in Bohai Sea sea ice area sea ice condition atmospheric circulation

收稿日期: 2022-11-17 出版日期: 2024-03-13

ZTFLH:

TP79

基金资助:环渤海区域科技协同创新基金项目“基于多源数据融合的北方海域海冰覆盖网格实况与预报关键技术研究”(QYXM202101)

通讯作者: 王铁(1977-),男,硕士,副研级高级工程师,主要从事生态遥感方面的研究。Email: stin.wang@gmail.com。

作者简介: 郭玉娣(1988-),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事海洋遥感方面的研究。Email: guoyudi.0802@163.com。

引用本文:

郭玉娣, 王铁, 程善俊, 左涛. 渤海海冰时空分布特征和大气环流对渤海海冰的强迫作用[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2024, 36(1): 242-249.
GUO Yudi, WANG Tie, CHENG Shanjun, ZUO Tao. Sea ice in Bohai Sea:Spatio-temporal distribution and the forcing effects of atmospheric circulation. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2024, 36(1): 242-249.

链接本文:

https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2022441 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2024/V36/I1/242

Fig.1 渤海划分示意图

Tab.1 2001—2020年渤海海冰统计表

Fig.2 2010—2020年渤海冬季海冰历年变化曲线

Fig.3 2001—2020年渤海盛冰日海冰面积与积温年际变化

Fig.4 不同冰级年渤海海冰分布

Tab.2 不同冰级年渤海海冰生消变化

Fig.5 500 hPa位势高度场偏重冰年与轻冰年的差值图

Fig.6 渤海盛冰日海冰面积与冬季500 hPa位势高度相关性分析

Fig.7 偏重冰年与轻冰年温度差沿38°N纬向和120°E径向剖面图

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