In oil and gas exploration,multiples are usually regarded as the coherent noise that affects the processing and interpretation accuracy of seismic data.Therefore,the study of multiple suppression methods has always been an important research direction in the field of geophysical prospecting.Given that the surface-related multiples are the most developed multiples in seismic exploration,especially in marine seismic exploration,it is necessary to conduct a deep study on the suppression methods of surface-related multiples.At present,the surface-related multiple suppression method that enjoys high accuracy and is widely applied at home and abroad is the feedback iteration method based on the wave equation.This method takes the original seismic data as the predictive factor and requires no other prior conditions and allows for high-precision suppression of surface-related multiples driven by data.A series of more advanced methods have been developed based on the theory of this method in recent years.This paper briefly introduces the theoretical basis of the feedback iteration method(i.e.,the feedback iteration model) firstly and then describes the surface-related multiple suppression mechanisms of the four methods developed based on the feedback iterative model, namely SRME,the inverse data domain method,EPSI,and Cl-SRME.Finally,it compares the advantages and disadvantages of these four methods and proposes the research prospects of multiple suppression methods based on the feedback iteration model.
Zi-Lin HE,Zhen-Chun LI,Zhi-Na LI, et al. A review of multiple suppression methods based on feedback iteration model[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,
2022, 46(2): 275-284.
Extraction process of single frequency component matrix
Feedback model a—forward model of seismic data without surface-related multiple;b—forward model of seismic data with surface-related multiple
Suppression results of surface-related multiples of a shot record by SRME method a—original shot record;b—real primaries;c—result of surface-related multiple suppression
Suppression result of surface-related multiple of a shot record in inverse data domain a—original shot record;b—seismic shot record in inverse data domain;c—result of multiple suppression in inverse data domain
Suppression results of surface-related multiples of a shot record by EPSI method a—original shot record;b—result of surface-related multiple suppression by SRME;c—result of surface-related multiple suppression by EPSI
Suppression results of surface-related multiples of a shot record by CL-SRME method a—original shot record;b—result of surface-related multiple suppression by SRME;c—result of surface-related multiple suppression by EPSI;d—result of surface-related multiple suppression by CL-SRME
SRME
反数据域法
EPSI
CL-SRME
优 点
1.方法简单
1.方法简单 2.避免自适应相减造成的一次波损伤 3.无大量矩阵相乘计算
1.无自适应相减过程 2.无求逆计算
1.无自适应相减过程 2.无求逆计算 3.有较少的调优参数 4.对复杂构造适应性强
不需要额外的先验条件
缺 点
1.一次波与多次波能量干涉时,自适应相减一次波能量会有损失 2.多次波的压制会有能量残余
1.需要求逆计算
1.有较多的调优参数 2.复杂构造的适应性差 3.计算量大
1.计算量大
需要全波场信息,对观测系统和观测数据要求比较高
The advantages and disadvantages of multiple suppression methods based on feedback model
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