平点技术在西非深水碎屑岩储层烃检中的应用

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2022.2489

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Abstract

Aiming at the difficulties that some high-porosity water-bearing sandstones and oil-bearing sandstones in deep-water clastic reservoirs in West Africa have similar amplitude bright spots and show Class III AVO anomalies with remote-trace amplitude enhancement,this paper proposes to use flat spots to detect the hydrocarbons in the reservoirs.As revealed by the data on the geometric shapes,amplitude,and phase of seismic reflection,four types of flat spots are have developed in the study area,namely individual flat spots,short-axis double flat spots,short-axis composite individual flat spots,and long-axis composite individual flat spots.The target layer W is dominated by short-axis double flat spots.Based on the forward modeling with reflection coefficients and stratigraphic dip as core parameters,a quantitative discrimination template of seismic reflection of flat spots was established in this study.The flat spot distribution was determined using the flat spot strengthening technology and the common isoline trace gathering stacking technology.It was inferred from the discrimination criteria of hydrocarbon flat spots that the upper flat spot strips represent gas-oil interfaces and the lower flat spot strips represent oil-water interfaces.Based on this and the analysis of sensitive attributes in hydrocarbon detection,the area of oil- and gas-bearing zones was effectively predicted.Therefore,the application of flat spots can reduce the multiplicity of solution in the hydrocarbon detection and improve the prediction accuracy of reservoirs.

Key words： reservoir prediction flat spots forward modeling quantitative template flat spot identification flat spots of hydrocarbons

Received: 21 December 2020 Published: 28 June 2022

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Cite this article:

Xin FENG. Application of flat spots in detection of hydrocarbons in deep-water clastic reservoirs in West Africa[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2022, 46(2): 433-443.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2022.2489 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2022/V46/I2/433

Schematic diagram of targets and well locations in the study area

Different flat spots caused by different impedance

Types of flat spots

Schematic diagram of flat spot strengthening technology

Principle of common contour binning stacking

Comparison of conventional 3D(a) and high-density 3D seismic flat spot reflection(b)

Four types of flat spots in study area
a—short axis single flat spot;b—short axis double flat spot;c—short axis compound single flat spot;d—long axis single flat spot

Optical stacking for enhancement of flat spot

The conventional section(a) and enhanced section(b)

The amplitude and frequency section obtained by common contour binning stacking

Forward modes of different reflection coefficients

Forward modes of single layer and multiple layers

Forward modes with fixed reflection coefficients and varying dips

The flat spot reflection quantitative discrimination template with reflection coefficients and dip angles

Forward modes of single(a) and double fluid interface(b)

Comparison of quantitative amplitude ratio statistics of oil and gas fields(a) and target amplitude ratio attributes(b)

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