河南灵宝董家埝银矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2023.1095

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Abstract

The Dongjianian silver deposit, located on the southern margin of the Xiaoqinling Mountains, is controlled by the secondary structures of the Xiaohe fault and is the first large precious metal deposit discovered in the southern belt of the Xiaoqinling Mountains. This deposit has three hydrothermal metallogenic stages, namely the quartz-pyrite metallogenic stage (Ⅰ), the dominant quartz-polymetallic sulfide metallogenic stage (Ⅱ), and the quartz-carbonate metallogenic stage (Ⅲ). Three types of inclusions have primarily developed in the ore bodies, namely gas-liquid two-phase inclusions (W-type), CO₂-bearing inclusions (C-type), and pure CO₂ inclusions (PC-type). Stage I primarily witnessed the development of C- and W-type inclusions and a small quantity of PC-type inclusions, and stage II mainly saw the development of W-type inclusions and a small amount of C-type inclusions. The quartz fluid inclusions formed in stages I and II have homogenization temperature ranges of 151~270 ℃ and 126~240 ℃, respectively, which exhibits a downward trend. Their salinity varies slightly in the ranges of 3.8%~22.42% NaCleqv and 4.16%~20.48% NaCleqv, respectively, indicating a low-salinity environment. Their CO₂ content transformed from enrichment into deficiency. The metallogenic pressure and depth were estimated to be 22.08~76.6 MPa and 3.77~7.13 km, respectively. Therefore, the Dongjianian silver deposit is a low-salinity medium- to low-temperature meso-epithermal silver deposit.

Key words： Dongjianian silver deposit fluid inclusion characteristics hydrothermal deposit Xiaoqinling Mountains Henan

Received: 02 March 2022 Published: 27 April 2023

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	Chang LIU
	Can-Hui ZHANG
	Xin ZHANG
	Rui ZONG

Cite this article:

Chang LIU,Can-Hui ZHANG,Xin ZHANG, et al. Fluid inclusions and formation mechanisms of the Dongjianian silver deposit in Lingbao City, Henan Province, China[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2023, 47(2): 343-352.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2023.1095 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2023/V47/I2/343

23])
1—Quaternary system;2—Cambrian system;3—Sinian system;4—Fengjiawan formation;5—Duguan formation;6—Xunjiansi formation;7—Longjiayuan formation;8—Gaoshanhe formation;9—Neoarchean Taihua group gneiss;10—Xiaohe rock mass;11—Guijiayu rock mass;12—geological boundary;13—syncline structure;14—back structure;15—fault and occurrence;16—cataclastic rock zone;17—gold deposits;18—lead-silver deposit;19—towns;20—study area;①—Mengjiacun-Minwan syncline;②—Qishuping syncline;③—Laoyacha back shape;④—Miaogou syncline;⑤—Shangyangzhai back shape
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Geological map of Dongjianian silver deposit(modified according to reference [23])
1—Quaternary system;2—Cambrian system;3—Sinian system;4—Fengjiawan formation;5—Duguan formation;6—Xunjiansi formation;7—Longjiayuan formation;8—Gaoshanhe formation;9—Neoarchean Taihua group gneiss;10—Xiaohe rock mass;11—Guijiayu rock mass;12—geological boundary;13—syncline structure;14—back structure;15—fault and occurrence;16—cataclastic rock zone;17—gold deposits;18—lead-silver deposit;19—towns;20—study area;①—Mengjiacun-Minwan syncline;②—Qishuping syncline;③—Laoyacha back shape;④—Miaogou syncline;⑤—Shangyangzhai back shape

Sketch plan view of M₁-Ⅰ major orebody of the Dongjianian silver deposit
1—Quaternary system;2—Longjiayuan formation of Guandaokou group;3—Gaoshanhe formation of Guandaokou group;4—Archaeozoic Taihua group;5—monzogranite of Xiaohe rock;6—diorite vein;7—geological boundary;8—measured or inferred tectonic altered belt;9—measured or inferred fault;10—silver orebody and its serial number;11—exploration line and its serial number;12—drill hole intersecting mineralization body;13—drill hole intersecting orebody;14—grade and thickness of major orebody controlled by exploratory trench or drill hole;15—exploratory trench and its serial number;16—sampling range

The main ore minerals of Dongjianian silver deposit
a—light sheet of TC01 trench,galena(Gn),sphalerite(Sp) and chalcopyrite(Ccp) are associated;b—light sheet of TC01 trench,fine grained pyrite(Py),spiral silver sulfide(Arn)and silver arsenic sulfide(Bgt) are associated;c—veinlet disseminated metallization in TC01 trench;d—pyritized and galena silver ore in ZK0001 borehole

The gangue mineral characteristics of Dongjianian silver deposit
a—silver mineralization altered rock slice thin sections:rocks are mainly composed of potash feldspar(Kfs),quartz(Qtz),sericite(Ser),etc.;b—borehole silver ore thin sections:rocks are mainly composed of plagioclase(Pl),potassium feldspar(Kfs),quartz(Qtz),biotite(Bt),etc.

Photomicrograph of fluid inclusions of Dongjianian silver deposit
a—pure CO₂ inclusions in stage Ⅰ;b—gas-liquid two-phase inclusions in stage Ⅲ;c—grouped distribution inclusions in stage Ⅲ;d—CO₂-bearing two-phase inclusions in stage Ⅱ;e—gas-liquid two-phase and pure CO₂ inclusions in stage Ⅱ;f—CO₂-containing three-phase inclusions in stage Ⅱ

成矿阶段	包裹体类型	$T m, C O 2$ /℃	T_m,ice/℃	$T h, C O 2$ /℃	T_m,clath/℃	T_h,tot/℃
石英—黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)	W型包裹体		-1.0~9.0			210~270
石英—黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)	C型包裹体	-56.9~-56.5		12.1~29.6	7.2~10.8	151~268
石英—多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅱ)	W型包裹体		-0.2~-3.5			126~240
石英—多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅱ)	C型包裹体	-56.8~-56.6		20.2~24.6	8~11.9	127~238

Temperature measurement results of fluid inclusions of Dongjianian silver ore deposit

Histogram of uniform temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions in stage Ⅰ (a) and Ⅱ (b) metallogenic of Dongjianian silver deposit

Laser Raman spectra of fluid inclusion
a、b—stage Ⅰ composition of quartz inclusions;c—stage Ⅱ composition of quartz inclusions;d—stage Ⅲ composition of quartz inclusions

19]
1—geological boundary;2—fault and occurrence;3—orebody and number;4—exploration line and number;5—drilling and number;6—alteration boundary;Q—Quaternary;Jxg—Gaoshanhe formation;Ar₃T—Archaeozoic Taihua group;Pt₂Xηγ—Xiaohe monzonitic granite;A—internal alteration zone;B—medium alteration zone;C—external alteration zone;D—normal surrounding rock
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Silver orebody plane in mining area (a)、No.00 prospecting line profile map (b)^[19]
1—geological boundary;2—fault and occurrence;3—orebody and number;4—exploration line and number;5—drilling and number;6—alteration boundary;Q—Quaternary;Jxg—Gaoshanhe formation;Ar₃T—Archaeozoic Taihua group;Pt₂Xηγ—Xiaohe monzonitic granite;A—internal alteration zone;B—medium alteration zone;C—external alteration zone;D—normal surrounding rock

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