德昌地区水系沉积物稀土氧化物总量地球化学特征及找矿方向

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.2571

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Abstract

The Mianning-Dechang area in western Sichuan serves as the most important metallogenic belt of light rare earth elements (LREEs) in China. To make breakthroughs in the exploration of rare earth resources in the Dechang area, a 1:50 000 stream sediment survey was conducted in this study. The analysis of test data characteristics and the extraction of geochemical anomalies reveal that the total rare-earth oxides (REOs) in the area exhibit a pronounced enrichment pattern and that element anomalies largely overlap the spatial distribution of related geological bodies. Through comprehensive analysis using the cumulative frequency method and iterative method, this study determined the lower limits of anomalies and, accordingly, plotted element anomaly maps, with five main anomaly areas being delineated. The comprehensive evaluation of anomalies revealed four prospecting target areas: Huangjiaba, Jiaobacun, Yibasan, and Huajiaoyuan. The analysis of metallogenic geological conditions and the anomaly verification based on drilling in the Gannan area led to the discovery of three light rare earth deposits in the Huangjiaba prospecting target area, two heavy rare earth deposits in the Jiaobacun prospecting target area, two heavy rare earth deposits in the Yibasan prospecting target area, and two heavy rare earth deposits in the Huajiaoyuan prospecting target area. This study posits that the Triassic biotite moyite and biotite monzogranite in the study area are the metallogenic parent rocks of ion adsorption-type rare earth resources, with REEs primarily undergoing enrichment and mineralization in completely weathered layers. Therefore, a simple and effective prospecting pattern for "endogenous and exogenous" ion adsorption-type rare earth deposits in the Dechang area consists of analyzing the geochemical characteristics of the total REOs based on a 1:50 000 stream sediment survey, delineating metallogenic prospect areas that indicate parent rocks for REE enrichment, and selecting sections favorable for the formation and preservation of weathered crusts based on the hypergenic conditions of the enrichment areas, thus achieving the quick delineation of the prospecting target areas.

Key words： Dechang stream sediment total rare-earth oxide geochemistry

Received: 25 December 2023 Published: 22 April 2025

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	You-Huan ZHU
	Fei NIE
	Jia-Zuo ZOU
	Hong-Wei LI
	Xue-Cheng ZHOU
	Guang-Hui RAN
	Dong LEI

Cite this article:

You-Huan ZHU,Fei NIE,Jia-Zuo ZOU, et al. Total rare-earth oxides in stream sediments in the Dechang area: Geochemical characteristics and prospecting targets[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(2): 270-280.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.2571 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I2/270

12])
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Regional geotectonics in the Dechang area
(revised according to reference [12])

14])
1—Quaternary; 2—Xigeda Formation; 3—Xiaoba Formation; 4—Feitianshan Formation; 5—section 1 of Guangou Formation; 6—section 2 of Guangou Formation; 7—section 3 of Guangou Formation; 8—section 1 of Niugundang Formation; 9—section 2 of Niugundang Formation; 10—Xincun Formation; 11—Yimen Formation; 12—section 3 of Baoding Formation; 13—section 2 of the Baiguowan Formation; 14—sifengya Formation; 15—Dengying Formation; 16—Guanyinya Formation; 17—Lieguliu Formation; 18—section 1 of Kaijianqiao Formation; 19—section 2 of Kaijianqiao Formation; 20—Suxiong Formation; 21—section 1 of Tianbaoshan Formation; 22—section 2 of Tianbaoshan Formation; 23—Wumajing Formation; 24—Zaliyan Formation; 25—Lengzhuguan Formation; 26—late Triassic biotite potassium feldspar granite; 27—late Triassic biotite monzogranite; 28—late Permian biotite potassium feldspar granite; 29—middle Permian hornblende gabbro; 30—middle Permian diabase gabbro; 31—middle Permian gabbro and gabbro diabase; 32—middle Permian hornblende diorite; 33—middle Permian hornblende pyroxenite; 34—middle Permian pyroxene peridotite; 35—middle Proterozoic biotite potassium feldspar granite; 36—middle Proterozoic biotite-muscovite granite; 37—Paleoproterozoic biotite monzogranite; 38—Paleoproterozoic biotite granodiorite; 39—Paleoproterozoic biotite plagioclase granite; 40—Paleoproterozoic biotite hornblende quartz diorite; 41—Paleoproterozoic biotite hornblende quartz diorite; 42—geological boundaries; 43—parallel unconformity rock boundaries; 44—angular unconformity rock boundaries; 45—normal faults; 46—reverse faults; 47—translation faults; 48—geophysical speculation of faults and dip; 49—fault number; 50—anticline; 51—syncline; 52—fold number
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Geological sketch of Dechang area(revised according to reference [14])
1—Quaternary; 2—Xigeda Formation; 3—Xiaoba Formation; 4—Feitianshan Formation; 5—section 1 of Guangou Formation; 6—section 2 of Guangou Formation; 7—section 3 of Guangou Formation; 8—section 1 of Niugundang Formation; 9—section 2 of Niugundang Formation; 10—Xincun Formation; 11—Yimen Formation; 12—section 3 of Baoding Formation; 13—section 2 of the Baiguowan Formation; 14—sifengya Formation; 15—Dengying Formation; 16—Guanyinya Formation; 17—Lieguliu Formation; 18—section 1 of Kaijianqiao Formation; 19—section 2 of Kaijianqiao Formation; 20—Suxiong Formation; 21—section 1 of Tianbaoshan Formation; 22—section 2 of Tianbaoshan Formation; 23—Wumajing Formation; 24—Zaliyan Formation; 25—Lengzhuguan Formation; 26—late Triassic biotite potassium feldspar granite; 27—late Triassic biotite monzogranite; 28—late Permian biotite potassium feldspar granite; 29—middle Permian hornblende gabbro; 30—middle Permian diabase gabbro; 31—middle Permian gabbro and gabbro diabase; 32—middle Permian hornblende diorite; 33—middle Permian hornblende pyroxenite; 34—middle Permian pyroxene peridotite; 35—middle Proterozoic biotite potassium feldspar granite; 36—middle Proterozoic biotite-muscovite granite; 37—Paleoproterozoic biotite monzogranite; 38—Paleoproterozoic biotite granodiorite; 39—Paleoproterozoic biotite plagioclase granite; 40—Paleoproterozoic biotite hornblende quartz diorite; 41—Paleoproterozoic biotite hornblende quartz diorite; 42—geological boundaries; 43—parallel unconformity rock boundaries; 44—angular unconformity rock boundaries; 45—normal faults; 46—reverse faults; 47—translation faults; 48—geophysical speculation of faults and dip; 49—fault number; 50—anticline; 51—syncline; 52—fold number

Characteristics of total rare earth oxide parameters in the entire region

TREO geochemical statistical parameters of stream sediment in the main geological units of Dechang area

TREO anomaly lower limit classification value

Fig.2)
">

Rare earth mineral anomalies and target areas for mineral exploration in Dechang region
(the legend is the same as Fig.2)

工程编号	样品编号	取样位置		样长 /m	分析结果	岩性
工程编号	样品编号	起/m	止/m	样长 /m	w(SREO)/%	岩性
HCZ01	H1	0	0.15	0.15	<0.005	腐殖层
	H2	0.15	1.3	1.15	<0.005	黏土层
	H3	1.3	2.3	1	0.025	全风化黑云母钾长花岗岩
	H4	2.3	3.3	1	0.046
	H5	3.3	4	0.7	0.032
	H6	4	5	1	0.028	半风化黑云母钾长花岗岩
HCZ02	H1	0	0.1	0.1	<0.005	腐殖层
	H2	0.1	1	0.9	0.017	黏土层
	H3	1	2	1	0.042	全风化黑云母钾长花岗岩
	H4	2	3	1	0.047
	H5	3	4	1	0.036
	H6	4	5	1	0.022
	H7	5	6	1	0.016
	H8	6	7	1	0.016
	H9	7	8	1	0.016
	H10	8	9	1	0.012	半风化黑云母钾长花岗岩
	H11	9	10	1	0.011
	H12	10	11	1	<0.005
	H13	11	12	1	0.011
	H14	12	13	1	<0.005
	H15	13	14	1	<0.005
	H16	14	15	1	<0.005
	H17	15	16	1	<0.005
XCZ01	H1	0	0.7	0.7	0.029	黏土层
	H2	0.7	1.7	1	0.036	全风化黑云母钾长花岗岩
	H3	1.7	3	1.3	0.038
	H4	3	4	1	0.020
	H5	4	5	1	0.016
	H6	5	6	1	0.010	半风化黑云母钾长花岗岩
	H7	6	7	1	0.011	半风化黑云母钾长花岗岩
JCZ02	H1	0	1	1	0.017	黏土层
	H2	1	2	1	0.032	全风化黑云母二长花岗岩
	H3	2	3	1	0.040
	H4	3	4	1	0.033
	H5	4	5	1	0.031
	H6	5	6	1	0.037
	H7	6	7	1	0.028
	H8	7	8	1	0.016
	H9	8	9	1	0.047
	H10	9	10.2	1.2	<0.005	半风化黑云母二长花岗岩
DCZ01	H1	0	0.2	0.2	<0.005	腐殖层
	H2	0.2	1.5	1.3	<0.005	半风化黑云母二长花岗岩
	H3	1.5	2.5	1	<0.005	半风化黑云母二长花岗岩
	H4	2.5	3.5	1	0.041	全风化黑云母二长花岗岩
	H5	3.5	4.5	1	0.049
	H6	4.5	5.5	1	0.051
	H7	5.5	6.5	1	0.056
	H8	6.5	7.5	1	0.021
	H9	7.5	8.5	1	0.016	半风化黑云母二长花岗岩
	H10	8.5	9.5	1	0.019
	H11	9.5	10.3	0.8	0.011
LCZ101	H1	0.4	1.4	1	0.002	黏土层
	H2	1.4	2.4	1	0.003	黏土层
	H3	2.4	3.4	1	0.001	全风化黑云母二长花岗岩
	H4	3.4	4.4	1	0.002
	H5	4.4	5.4	1	0.001
	H6	5.4	6.4	1	0.002
	H7	6.4	7.4	1	0.001
	H8	7.4	8.4	1	0.004
	H9	8.4	9.4	1	0.027
	H10	9.4	10.45	1.05	0.057	半风化黑云母二长花岗岩
LCZ105	H1	0.5	1.5	1	0.002	全风化黑云母钾长花岗岩
	H2	1.5	2.5	1	0.002
	H3	2.5	3.5	1	0.02
	H4	3.5	4.5	1	0.062
	H5	4.5	5.5	1	0.056
	H6	5.5	6.3	0.8	0.02
MCZ307	H1	0.4	1.4	1	0.002	黏土层
	H2	1.4	2.4	1	0.009	全风化黑云母钾长花岗岩
	H3	2.4	3.4	1	0.041
	H4	3.4	4.4	1	0.023
	H5	4.4	5.4	1	0.021
	H6	5.4	6.4	1	0.009
	H7	6.4	7.4	1	0.006
	H8	7.4	8.4	1	0.007
	H9	8.4	9.3	0.9	0.005
MCZ312	H1	0.1	1.1	1	0.02	黏土层
	H2	1.1	2.1	1	0.032	全风化黑云母二长花岗岩
	H3	2.1	3.1	1	0.02
	H4	3.1	4.1	1	0.027
	H5	4.1	5.1	1	0.024
	H6	5.1	6.1	1	0.022
	H7	6.1	7.1	1	0.021
	H8	7.1	8.1	1	0.02
	H9	8.1	9.1	1	0.006
	H10	9.1	10.1	1	0.006
	H11	10.1	10.6	0.5	0.005

Analysis of shallow drilling samples in the target area

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