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Remote Sensing for Natural Resources    2025, Vol. 37 Issue (2) : 173-184     DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2023346
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Construction of a green infrastructure network for sustainable expansion of mountain cities: A case study of Lincang City, Yunnan Province, China
LI Jian’e(), ZHANG Yun()
College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Abstract  

Constructing a regional green infrastructure (GI) network can alleviate the contradiction between land use and ecological development in the process of rapid urbanization, playing a significant role in future urban planning. This study investigated Lincang City, a typical mountain city in Southwest China. Employing the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model, this study predicted the land use and land cover (LULC) in Lincang City in 2030 under the ecological priority scenario. Furthermore, this study extracted information about the ecological source areas and corridors by integrating the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, and circuit theory. Finally, this study constructed an optimized GI network for 2030 adapted to the sustainable expansion of Lincang City. The results show that from 2020 to 2030, the construction land area in Lincang City is projected to expand by about 23 %, while forest land and grassland will decrease by 0.2 % and 1.3 %, respectively. The water area is expected to increase by 46.9 % under reasonable management and protection. The core zone of GI landscape elements will represent 56.12% of the total area, while the edges will make up 21.3%. The spurs, bridging zones, islets, perforations, and circuits will constitute the rest 22.6%. Under the sustainable urban expansion scenario, the GI scale remains overall stable, with a relatively scattered distribution in built-up areas. The optimized GI network will involve 12 ecological source areas and 24 ecological corridors. The GI network of Lincang City in 2030 constructed based on the MSPA-PLUS model strengthens the understanding of the GI network for the sustainable development of a mountain city, adapting to future urban development. This study provides novel insights into the urban planning of mountain cities including Lincang and critical implications for GI protection and regional ecological security maintenance.
Keywords green infrastructure network      MSPA-PLUS model      mountain city      sustainable expansion      Lincang City     
ZTFLH:  TP79  
Issue Date: 09 May 2025
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Jian’e LI
Yun ZHANG
Cite this article:   
Jian’e LI,Yun ZHANG. Construction of a green infrastructure network for sustainable expansion of mountain cities: A case study of Lincang City, Yunnan Province, China[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(2): 173-184.
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https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2023346     OR     https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/Y2025/V37/I2/173
Fig.1  Schematic diagram of the study area
类别 数据 分辨率/m 来源
自然因素 土地利用类型 30 Global30 (http://www.globallandcover.com/)
高程 地理空间数据云(http://www.gscloud.cn)
坡度 基于DEM数据得到
坡向 基于DEM数据得到
年平均气温 1 000 资源环境科学与数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)
年平均降水
区位因素 省道距离 30 全国地理信息资源目录服务系统(https://www.webmap.cn/main.do?method=index)
县道距离
乡道距离
铁路距离
居民点距离
水系距离
乡镇街道距离 30 国家统计局
社会因素 GDP 1 000 资源环境科学与数据中心(https://www.resdc.cn/)
人口密度 100 全国第七次人口普查
Tab.1  Data introduction and source
Fig.2  Distribution of driving factors
LULC
类型		 耕地 林地 灌木 草地 水域 湿地 建设
用地
耕地 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
林地 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
灌木 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
草地 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
水域 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
湿地 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
建设用地 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Tab.2  The cost matrix for the specific conversion rules
阻力因子 分级指标 阻力值 权重
地形起伏度/m <20 1 0.153 1
[20, 34) 3
[34, 50) 5
[50, 74) 7
[74, 666] 9
坡度/(°) <10.749 1 0.081 3
[10.749, 18.24) 3
[18.24, 25.73) 5
[25.73, 35.17) 7
[35.17, 83.06] 9
土地利用类型 林地/灌木 1 0.432 2
草地/耕地 3
水域 5
湿地 7
建设用地 9
与居民点距离/m [10 777.7, 22 163.8) 1 0.193 9
[6 866.4, 10 777.7) 3
[4 780.4, 6 866.4) 5
[2 868.26, 4 780.4) 7
<2 868.26 9
与水体距离/m [5 007.19, 10 913.11) 1 0.103
[3 338.12, 5 007.19) 3
[2 054.23, 3 338.12) 5
[941.52, 2 054.23) 7
<941.52 9
与道路距离/m [5 697.67, 12 418) 1 0.036 5
[3 603.65, 569 7.67) 3
[2 142.7, 3 603.65) 5
[925.26, 2 142.7) 7
<925.26 9
Tab.3  Resistance factor hierarchical assignment and weighting
Fig.3  Comparison of the actual and simulated LULC in 2020
2020年实际
LULC		 2020年预测LULC
耕地 林地 灌木 草地 水域 湿地 建筑用地
耕地 439.468 24.206 1.373 1.201 0.002 2.054 2.267
林地 41.85 700.329 20.796 15.893 0 3.662 0.782
灌木 0.641 1.567 8.334 0.425 0 0.296 0.102
草地 1.311 7.987 0.618 13.357 0 0.037 0.057
水域 0.021 0 0 0 0.128 0.022 0
湿地 0.275 0.453 0.054 0.004 0.013 2.975 0.016
建筑用地 0.783 0.172 0.02 0.012 0 0.034 4.766
Tab.4  Actual LULC in 2020 and simulated LULC in 2020 (km2)
驱动因子 耕地 林地 灌木 草地 水域 湿地 建筑用地
铁路距离 0.139 0.165 0.095 0.218 0.009 0.218 0.108
GDP 0.098 0.115 0.112 0.149 0.023 0.149 0.064
高程 0.091 0.120 0.162 0.060 0.761 0.060 0.018
省道距离 0.090 0.082 0.065 0.086 0.002 0.086 0.021
县道距离 0.080 0.055 0.036 0.038 0.022 0.038 0.299
年平均降水 0.073 0.053 0.026 0.073 0.019 0.073 0.078
年平均气温 0.071 0.071 0.091 0.090 0.041 0.090 0.299
人口密度 0.069 0.061 0.069 0.066 0.025 0.066 0.033
居民点距离 0.065 0.067 0.174 0.048 0.012 0.048 0.046
乡镇街道距离 0.064 0.051 0.073 0.041 0.013 0.041 0.209
乡道距离 0.060 0.048 0.030 0.035 0.008 0.035 0.037
水系距离 0.050 0.058 0.031 0.047 0.017 0.047 0.026
坡度 0.028 0.032 0.023 0.028 0.046 0.028 0.019
坡向 0.022 0.023 0.013 0.021 0.002 0.021 0.008
Tab.5  Contribution of each driving factor
Fig.4  LULC simulation of urban sustainable expansion in 2030
LULC 2020年 2030年
耕地 8 783.21 8 708.56
林地 13 368.66 13 341.73
灌木 588.94 572.25
草地 561.07 553.63
湿地 2.48 2.29
水域 198.90 292.19
建设用地 142.32 174.94
Tab.6  LULC in 2020 and 2030 (km2)
Fig.5  The MSPA type of GI in 2030
Fig.6  Connectivity analysis of the ecological sources
生态源地 IIC dPC 面积/km2
28 59.192 67 66.281 86 2 226.609 66
29 31.441 32 35.356 68 2 135.334 02
25 24.325 80 26.007 96 151.839 31
22 19.335 24 21.656 50 87.248 11
27 16.216 41 19.930 38 25.001 09
26 15.584 89 17.100 31 20.459 06
23 13.704 60 15.128 40 439.284 98
24 12.494 35 12.984 15 39.251 32
21 9.941 41 11.331 57 310.181 37
20 11.845 72 10.377 36 33.911 14
14 2.884 15 3.066 77 138.058 89
19 2.823 52 2.772 68 291.161 51
Tab.7  Connectivity analysis of the ecological sources
Fig.7  Ecological resistance surface
Fig.8  Ecological corridor construction in the GI network of Lincang City
Fig.9  The GI Network diagram of the sustainable urban expansion of Lincang City in 2030
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