河南省桐柏县老湾金矿地球化学特征及深部成矿预测

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.0054

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Abstract

The Laowan gold belt is located in the eastern part of the Qinling orogenic belt, between the Nanyang and Wucheng basins. It boasts super-large gold resources hosted by moderate- to low-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposits formed during the Late Yanshanian. To explore the second exploration space and achieve new prospecting breakthroughs, this study investigated the primary halo of the No.59 ore body in the Laowan gold belt. Multiple statistical methods were employed to analyze the correlations among ore-forming elements. Accordingly, reliable geochemical indicators were identified to predict deep prospecting orientations. The results show that the primary halo of the No. 59 ore body exhibits an axial zoning sequence of Sn, Ba, As, Au, Pb, Cu, Sb, Ag, Mo, Bi, W, Hg, and Zn. The front-halo element Hg appears late in sequence, positioned after ore-forming elements Au, Ag, Pb, and Cu, suggesting the presence of blind ore bodies at depth or significant extension of the known ones to a burial depth of 650 m and above. In contrast, the rear-halo element Sn appears early in the sequence, indicating that the ore body was somewhat denuded. Correlation, cluster, and factor analyses were used to investigate the affinities between ore-forming elements and other metallic elements. Strong correlations were observed among Cu, Ag, and Au, establishing them as effective prospecting indicators within the deposit area. The cumulative index ratio of front- to rear-halo elements showed an increasing trend at a burial depth of 650 m, where a well-developed and non-closed anomaly was revealed by the F2 factor score contour. This suggests promising prospecting potential at this depth and deeper parts. Based on the comprehensive analysis, this study posits that the area at and below the burial depth of 650 m in borehole ZK3041 along the exploration line 304 is an exploration target. A prediction borehole drilled north of borehole ZK3041 saw the extension of No.59 ore body at a burial depth of about 720 m. Moreover, the assessment indicators show that the ore body still holds significant prospecting potential in the deeper part.

Key words： Laowan gold belt geochemical characteristics primary halo metallogenic prediction

Received: 28 February 2025 Published: 23 October 2025

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	Hong-Yan ZHANG
	Huan ZHAO
	Peng GUO

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Hong-Yan ZHANG,Huan ZHAO,Peng GUO. Geochemical characteristics and deep metallogenic prediction of the Laowan gold belt in Tongbai County, Henan Province[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(5): 1039-1052.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.0054 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I5/1039

Geological map of Laowan gold deposit

Ore type of Laowan gold deposit
a—smoke gray quartz veins develop polymetallic sulfides, and the early stage I milky white quartz veins are cut through;b—in stage II, coarse-fine-grained self-isoform pyrite Py2, chalcopyrite and grayish-white quartz are cemented to form an impregnated structure;c—in the grayish-white quartz of stage I, coarse-grained autotrophic-semi-autotrophic pyrite Py1 was developed and distributed in a star-like pattern;d—fine-grained galena develops in clumps along grayish-white quartz veins in the orthorhombic diorist gold ore

Country rock alteration of Laowan gold deposit
a—pyrite mineralization is distributed in a fine-grained disseminated manner in the orthorhombic dischist;b—quartz veins containing polymetallic sulfides such as pyrite during the main mineralization period cut through difluorite schist;c—in the early stage of mineralization, the flesh-red potassium feldspar veins were filled along the fissures and then faulted and broken;d—in the late stage of mineralization, carbonate veins cemented with quartz developed along the fractures of plagioclase amphibole

Sampling positions for full rock analysis samples

Rock chemical composition and characteristic parameters of Laowan gold deposit

Standardization curve of rare earth element chondrite meteorites

Standardized spider web diagram of trace elements in primitive mantle

The section of exploration line 304 of ore body No. 59 in Laowan gold deposit

Element zonation parameters in rock samples from the Laowan gold mining area

Elemental anomaly analysis of exploration line 304 of ore body No. 59 in Laowan gold deposit

The zonation index of indicator elements in different middle sections of exploration line 304 of ore body No.59 in Laowan gold deposit

Correlation coefficient matrix of Laowan gold deposit

R-type cluster analysis diagram of primary halo elements in Laowan gold deposit

Initial factor loading matrix in r-factor analysis of primary halo elements in Laowan gold deposit

Orthogonal rotation factor loading matrix in r-factor analysis of Laowan gold deposit

Vertical variation diagram of zoning indexes of primary halos in Laowan gold deposit

The contour distribution of F2 factor scores

Comprehensive columnar section of No.ZKE3042 drilling

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