Geological disaster is one kind of the major natural disasters which menaces and can make heavy losses for the economical construction and mankind living environment, and has been taken seriously in recent years by all the countries in the world. The investigation, monitoring and prediction of geological disasters by using various advanced technology including remote sensing has become a common task for mankind. In this paper the research results in recent years for geological disasters using remote sensing technology in China were recounted with a lot of examples. The strategy and main tasks were proposed about how to bring the advantage of remote sensing into play further and to reduce the losses of geological disasters in the "Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction"(DNDR) under the United Nations resolution.
This paper presents that the estimation processes of the dangerous degree of debris flow gulleies determined by the aerial remote sensing, the classified criteria of dangerous degree against the railway and the zoning principles of developmantal degree. The estimation factors are proposed for the image indices of each criterion, which would affect the formation of debris flow gulleies.The developmental factors are concluded into ten indices,marking the points respectively. According to the sum of marking points, the dangerous degree of debris flow gulleies are estimated synthetically. The developmental degree zoning of debris flow gulleies is basically dependent upon the combination of topography, geomorphology and geological conditions. Examples of application are shown.
Beishan Mountain Area is an area situated in Gansu Province with Pa-laeozoic and Proterozoic strata widely exposed. During Middle-Late variscian intense tecfonic-magmatic activity took place with Au-Gu mineral resources. Based on spectral properties and statistical results of TM data, TM7.TM5.TM4 images are picked up to make colour composite image and ratio image(5/7, 5/ 4) .Thetransformed image provide both structural informations and lithological information, especially information of hydrothermal alteration zones. These techniques are applied to geological mapping and locating prospecting targets. Results obtained are satisfying.
Predecessors have made a lot of Jobs of geology and geophysical prospection to look for coal in the east side of the Song Liao depression. It is an M'area with higher research degree. In recent years the breakthrough has been made on the looking for coal in this area with the constantly deepening of geological job and cognition. The discovery of the Yangcaogou coal field fully shows that not only detailed jobs need to be done in the areas with lower research degree, but also some geological problems need deep research and recognize again in the above araes with higher research degree. In this paper, by means of remote sensing technique combining with the data of geology and, geophysical Prospection the author divides the structural framwork in this area again, masters the laws of the basement fault controlling coal basin and coal measure strata, the photographic characteristic of hidden coal basin, and carries out synthetic analysis on the known coal basin with higher:research degree, discovers the correlation between the collected coal centres. in the basin and photograph, thus establishes the structural model of collected coal, reaches the aim of forecasting unknown coal basin in research area and forecasting the new center of collected coal in basin.
In this paper, with a method of remote sensing combining with conventional geology, a spacial pattern of linear structures and circular structures and distribution of Sb-ore beds were determined. The relation of mineralization to geology and structures was basically ascertained. With a comprehensive investigation, the minerogenitic law and factors controlling mineralization were discussed, and prospective areas looking -for Sb-ore were suggested.
The main works of diverting south-water to north which the paper mentioned, from three gorges reservoir of Yangtze River, Cross Yangtze River, Huai River, Yellow River and their drainage area, is 1600 km long. That's great project which make great change to take place in our country.The programme of the project begin in 1950's, and its feasibility has been scientifically expounded and proved. In 1984, infrared colour aerial photography on the scale l/20000 had been finished along the main works from Yellow River to Beijing section by center of Remote Sense, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources in order to discuss the feasibility of the project and prepare to earlier work. In this time, we choise a section which is 407km long and 18916km2 in Hebei to have success-fully done the analysis of remote sensing on hydrological engineering geology.
Rocks and ores are characterized by respective spectral features in the range from 400 to 2500nm. The spectral characteristics of altered rocks related to mineralization are the-basis of Airborn Fine-Split infrared Multispectral scanner (AFIMS) remote sensing search for resources. The test studies of mineral resources searching with AFIMS remote sensing for gold, polymetal deposits and oil-gas pools show that this method has great value in prospecting. Its application will give impetus to the development of remote sensing geology in China
GDIIA is a software system for digital image processing, operatin on GW0520C-H microcomputer. It can be used in the integration processing and analysis of remote sensing, geophysical, geochemical and geological surveying data, etc. In this system there are some particular functions for the new development besides the general ones of digital image processing. GDIIA system has been applied in some multi-metals minerogenetic areas and belts (ore-fields). It is provided that the rich multi-sources information and reliable scientific basis for studying minerogenetic geological environment, ore guide of prospecting and delineating prospecting targets, etc.
The paper introduces the current condition of application of ultra small scale color IR photos of high-altitude both in china and abroad. An intensive analysis was done on the spectral and spatial resolution, the interpretation capability and the cost-efficiency, to evaluate its applicability in environment and resources inventory. Results show that this kind of photography could find a wide prospect in the application to resources inventory.
