With the economic development, information is becoming more and more important in tourism. The utilization of advanced technology to tackle the complicated tourism resources is absolutely necessary. In recent years, remote sensing, geographic information system and global position system have been used in tourism. This paper deals with the application of the "3S" technology to tourism and also discusses the prospects of "3S" technique in Tourism.

In this paper, time-series LAI was retrieved from 46 MODIS images in Jiangxi province, and the images were obtained every 8 days from January 1, 2001 to the end of that year. The curve of time-series LAI was used to detect the land cover and use. Based on the hyperspectral analytical system, the authors used minimum noise fraction rotation(MNF) to extract noise from data, and employed pixel purity index(PPI) to extract the end-member of the chief land type. In this way, the land types of Jiangxi province could be classified and mapped. The classification result was verified by using the 1︰100 000 land use/cover vector map of Xingguo county in 2000, and the classification precision was above 74.45%. The result shows that the application of time-series chart to classification is effective.

This study presents an easy and fast radiant correction approach that can be used to perform atmospheric correction and topographic correction in mountain areas. This approach only needs the selection of two dark pixels in different elevations from ETM⁺ imagery, and the atmospheric correction based on DEM and dark pixels in different elevations can be conducted so as to get atmospheric and radiant parameters at all elevations. On such a basis, the topographic correction can be carried out and the surface reflectance can be calculated for ETM⁺ band 1～5 and 7. At last, a band integration approach is used to obtain the total continuous spectral albedo over the study site. The result shows that the method is effective in the inversion of surface albedo.

In recent years, three famous models have been frequently mentioned in soil moisture inversion, which are Oh model, Dubois model and Shi model. This paper deals with the correlation between radar backscattering coefficient and soil moisture based on the Shi model, and studies the relationship between radar backscattering coefficient, incidence angle and surface soil moisture on the basis of inversion.

The point resource system is a new needs-oriented method for information processing. In PRS, points can have different scales and resolutions, which is a reflection of the real world based on the synthesized description of the object. With this useful tool, we can process large quantities of remote sensing data more quickly and accurately. The performance of the point resource system in image processing is described. To meet the demand of information extraction in the spatial information grid, a model is built which includes image point modeling, knowledge point modeling and object point modeling. A full procedure of objects extraction with PRS is shown in this paper.

When it is difficult or even impossible to construct a precise model for solving a problem, the artificial neural networks (ANN) will show its advantage. The selection of the structure of ANN to deal with a specific problem is important. In this paper, six kinds of multilayer feedforward neural networks models were used for imaging spectral data pattern recognition of characteristic minerals, and their learning difficulties, operation efficiencies and recognition effects were studied synthetically.

Land surface emissivity (LSE) is an essential parameter for land surface temperature (LST) retrieval from thermal remote sensing data. Up till now, three methods have been proposed for LST retrieval from TM6 data, namely, atmospheric correction, mono-window algorithm and single channel algorithm, which all require LSE as a parameter. In this paper the authors have first reviewed the three methods and then dealt emphatically with the estimation of this parameter. The method was applied to Lingxian area of Shangdong Province in North China Plain, the most important agricultural area in China, for LSE estimation and LST retrieval. The result shows that the method can yield a reasonable estimation of thermal variation of that area.

There exist a lot of phase noises in interferogram, which will adversely affect the product precision of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (INSAR). It is therefore very important to reduce the phase noise before phase unwrapping. In this paper, the authors deal with four noise filtering methods, namely multi-look processing, medium filtering, gradient-based adaptive filtering and additive filtering. In practice, the combination of these filtering methods would yield even better result.

The purpose of this study is to find a convenient way to fill in the tables for field survey in land-use dynamic monitoring. Methods for documentation and systematic analysis were employed in this paper. A practical method of tabular auto-generation was suggested and put into practical use in the land-use dynamic monitoring project of 2003. The technology shows remarkable advantages and high efficiency.

The theory and characteristics of the fractal theory are described. The wetland data of the Beijing Wild Duck Lake in 1998, 2000 and 2002 were obtained on the basis of RS and GIS technology. Using the fractal dimension numerical model on two dimensional Euclidean space, the authors worked out the fractal dimension values and the stability levels of all kinds of wetland resources. The dynamic changes of wetland resources in the study area was finally obtained according to the physical meaning of fractal dimension and the level of stability. The results of the study indicate that marshes and lakes constitute the most key elements and also the most unstable wetland elements in wetland environments. It has been proved in practice that fractal theory has ample application scope in the study of wetland dynamic change. The fractal dimension and the level of stability can supply the decision-making basis for the appraisal of wetland environments and the sustainable utilization of wetland resources.

With the support of ENVI and based on TM satellite RS data, the authors extracted the indicators of the ecological environment of Fuzhou city, which include vegetation, heat, humidity and brightness. The altitude and slope data obtained with the GIS method and demonstrated in the lattice form were converted by the ERDAS method into the data recognizable in ENVI. The data in the new form were then combined with the extracted ecological environment indictors by way of projection to form comprehensive images. Then the linear regression method was adopted to identify the proportions of such factors as vegetation, moisture, heat, soil and terrain. Finally an RS-based model was established to evaluate the vegetation ecological environment of Fuzhou city.

Simple and clear, the knowledge-based decision tree classification method can choose the best band composition and characteristic parameters of different ground objects so as to get the highly accurate classification results. Based on the spectral characteristics and the spatial knowledge of the ground objects in Daye which served as a training area, the authors used image composite, iron oxide index, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and digital elevation model and employed the decision tree classification method with multitemporal Landsat TM (ETM) images. The classification algorithm was applied to all the Landsat TM (ETM) data so as to detect temporal and spatial changes in the mining areas, which, in turn, were divided into ten classes. The characteristics of the highly accurate classification results enable us to perform highly accurate change detection and quantitative analysis of such features in different mining areas as waste,water bodies, change of land use, reclamation process and estimation of vegetation cover in affected places. From the change detection results, it is observed that the decreasing vegetation and land degradation caused by mining activities in the study area are serious, and that only about 35% of the abandoned mining area was reclaimed from 1986 to 2002.

For the purpose of investigating the effects of sandification prevention and control, the MODIS remote sensing data were chosen to investigate the dynamic change of the source area of sandstorm around Beijing and Tianjin. Based on analyzing the characteristics of three main vegetation indexes, namely NDVI, SAVI and EVI, the author finally selected NDVI. The MVC method is also argued to be an effective means to compose the MODIS vegetation index.

This paper presents a modularization method of data fusion for Landsat imagery. The principle of the method and some data fusion algorithms like multiplication, Brovey, and IHS have been discussed. The experimental result shows that such an approach is very effective, convenient and flexible. On the one hand, the algorithms can be designed according to the users' requirements and the data fusion can be easily realized; on the other hand, the technique can avoid some processes of data format transfer and save a lot of time.

The IKONOS image provides the 1m high spatial pan and the 4m multi-spectral data, which can be merged to improve the classification accuracy of visual or computational interpretation. Based on these images, the classification and distribution of wetlands in Beijing urban parks were examined. In this paper the authors studied the landscape patterns with the help of remote sensing and GIS. The result shows that the urban parks are composed of large patches. The shapes of patches are regular in the area, and the difference in patches of the same type is very indistinct. With the increasing disturbance, the landscape diversity decreases and the dominance increases.

Based on a description of the technology of geographic information system (GIS), this paper deals with the Dajinhu geopark tourism information system in the light of resource information collection, information management and information analysis. The result of the information analysis is displayed in an integrated form of figures and sound. In this way, the management of Dajinhu geopark will be more scientific, standardized and reasonable. Meantime, a high standard technology supporting its application for entering the rank of world geoparks is also attained.

Using GIS technology, the authors have designed and realized the management and query system for the road planning in Beijing, solved existing problems and hence gained economic profits. Realizing the synchronous editing of graphic data and attribute data, the system maintains consistency between graphic data and attribute data for road planning. Solving the problem of parallel operation in the case of synchronous querying and editing, the system is run in a safe environment. The system can send out graphic information and attribute information for intersections of discontinuous roads, and the production output is very convenient.