he southern Altaids present a unidirectional section from Mongolia to China through an accretionary orogen that youngs progressively from Neoproterozoic in the north to Permian in the south.The orogen formed by forearc accretion of island arcs, accretionary wedges,ophiolites and Precambrian microcontinents. This regularity was upset by early growth within the ocean of arcs that later collided at the accreting continental margin,by imbrication of old ophiolites with young arcs,and by Himalayan-style thrust-nappe tectonics when an arc collided into a microcontinent.Lateral growth of the Southern Altaids represents a massive addition of juvenile material to the Palaeozoic crust.

Abstract The Beishan orogenic collage is located in the southernmost part of the Altaids, and connects the Southern Tien Shan suture to the west with the Solonker suture to the east. The orogen was previously regarded as early Paleozoic in age in contrast to the surrounding southern Altaid collages, which are Late Paleozoic or even Early Mesozoic. This paper reviews the tectonic units of the Beishan orogen, which along a north-south traverse consists of several arcs and ophiolitic m茅langes. These tectonic units were thrust imbricated and overprinted by strike-slip faulting during Permian-Triassic times, and the youngest strata involved in the deformation are Permian. Stitching plutons are Late Permian in age. Peaks of magmatic-metamorphic-tectonic activity, and paleomagnetic and paleogeographic data indicate that the Beishan orogenic collage evolved by development of several, Early to Mid-Paleozoic arcs in different parts of the Paleoasian Ocean. The Late Paleozoic collage is characterized by three active continental margins or island arcs that are separated by two ophiolitic m茅langes. The northernmost active margin is represented by the Queershan arc, which may have lasted until the Permian. The Shibanshan unit is the southernmost, subduction-related continental arc along the northern margin of the Dunhuang block. In the Late Carboniferous to Permian the eastern end (promontory) of the Tarim Craton probably collided with the Chinese eastern Tien Shan arc, forming a new active continental margin, which interacted with the Beishan Late Paleozoic archipelago, generating a complicated subduction-accretionary orogen; this is suggested to be one of the last phases in the development of the long-lived Altaid accretionary orogenesis. The new model for this orogen bridges the gap between the western and eastern ends of the southern Altaids. The modern Timor-Australia collision zone with its many surround-ing arcs is an appropriate analog for the Altaids in the Late Paleozoic.

文章通过潜力评价成果汇总和综合分析,结合找矿新理论和该区找矿新进展,重新划定（修定）了东天山-北山Cu-Ni-Au-Pb-Zn重点成矿带的边界。东天山-北山Cu-Ni-Au-Pb-Zn重点成矿带位于西伯利亚板块和塔里木板块之间,在漫长的地质构造演化过程中经历了多次裂解、拼合、造山等构造运动,相应地发生过多期、多阶段的成矿作用,致使此带形成了众多不同矿种、不同类型的矿床,是矿产勘查突破的有利区带。作者从研究区构造演化历史出发,分析了该带区域成矿地质背景,结合带内最新的找矿进展,修订了东天山-北山Cu-Ni-Au-Pb-Zn重点成矿带的成矿谱系,深化了对本成矿带的成矿规律认识;新一轮矿产资源潜力评价证实,带内仍然具有极大的资源潜力,在此基础上,在本带划分了19个远景区,其中9个为重点远景区,10个为一般远景区;提出了带内可能发现新矿床类型（如：砂岩型铀矿、斑岩型金矿等）和新矿种（如稀有稀散金属等）;建议本带下一步勘查部署的主攻矿种为Ni、Cu、Mo、Au、W,兼顾Pb、Zn、Ag、Fe和Mn;建议本带主攻类型为基性-超基性岩型镍铜矿、斑岩型铜（钼、金）矿、破碎蚀变岩型金矿、碳酸盐岩-细碎屑岩型铅锌银多金属矿、海相火山岩型铁矿、矽卡岩型银矿以及沉积型锰矿等。该项工作对指导本成矿带下一步矿产勘查部署工作有一定指导意义。

The ductile shear zone-type gold deposit is a kind that both the ore-forming mechanism and ore-controlling factors are closely related to the ductile shear zone and its evolution. Ductile shear zone develops in Beishan area, Gansu of Northwest China, and develops especially well in the south belt. The controls of the ductile shear zone on gold deposits are as follows. (1) The regional distribution of gold deposits (and gold spots) is controlled by the ductile shear zone. (2) The ductile-brittle shear zone is formed in the evolution process of ductile shear zone and both are only ore-bearing structures and control the shape, attitude, scale, and distribution of mineralization zones and ore-bodies. (3) Compresso-shear ductile deformation results in that the main kind of gold mineralization is altered mylonite type and the main alteralization is metasomatic. (4) Ore-bearing fracture systems are mainly P-type ones, some D-type and R-type ones, but only individual R'-type and T-type ones. (5) Dynamic differentiation and dynamic metamorphic hydrothermal solution resulting from ductile deformation is one of the sources of ore-forming fluid of gold mineralization, and this is identical with that ore-forming materials are mainly from metamorphic rocks, and ore-forming fluid is mainly composed of metamorphic water, and with the fluid inclusion and geo-chemical characteristics of the deposit. (6) There is a negative correlation between the gold abundance and susceptibility anisotropy ( P) of the altered mylonite samples from the deposit, which shows that the gold mineralization is slightly later than the structural deformation. All above further expound the ore-forming model of the ductile shear zone type of gold deposits.

甘肃北山地区金矿床主要有岩浆热液型金矿床和与韧性剪切带有关的金矿床，矿化类型为石英脉型和蚀变岩型。金多呈独立金矿物形式出现，少放许呈分散状；金矿物以银金矿为主，次为自然金，平均成色７７２；金矿物以粒间金、裂隙金、连生金、连生金和包体金等形成嵌布于石英、黄铁矿、方铅矿及闪锌矿等主要载物较为发育。金矿物特征反映出本区金矿床的成矿物质主要来源于变质岩，华力西－印支期中酸性岩浆活动是主要的动力源。

概述了北山南带西段金矿的成矿环境和控制因素,讨论了矿床的成矿时代和空间分布规律.区内金成矿主要受地层岩性、岩体和构造控制.奥陶系、石炭系和二叠系富金的火山-沉积岩为金矿的矿源层,晚加里东—海西期花岗岩侵入体与金矿密切相关,深断裂和区域性大断裂控制了矿带部位.这些矿带由一系列不同成因和类型的金矿床组成,金矿床是在矿源层、矿源岩的基础上,经过海西期构造-岩浆活动的改造和富集而形成.依据找矿信息及化探异常、重砂异常的分布范围,归纳出16处具有较大金资源潜力的找矿远景区.

金窝子金矿床位于中朝-塔里木板块与哈萨克斯坦板块俯冲碰撞带南 缘的甘新北山中带东段,受矿源岩系和区域性韧性剪切带的形成和演化的双重控制.下二叠统金窝子组中金元素含量高,又普遍发生浅变质作用和较强烈的构造变形 作用,所以金窝子组能够提供成矿物质.区域性构造变形过程中,大规模深层次的韧性剪切变形促使金窝于组中金元素活化迁移,连同SiO2、K、Na等活性组 分和岩石中H2O一起,形成含金动力变质热液;当含金热液上升并进入到NEE向低角度逆冲韧脆性断裂中,则发生交代蚀变和矿化,形成蚀变糜棱岩型和网脉型 金矿化;而含金热液上升进入到NW向高角度张性-张扭性脆性断裂中,则发生充填型矿化,形成石英大脉型金矿化.所以金窝子金矿的最主要控矿因素是矿源岩系 和韧性剪切带.因此,金窝子金矿床属于韧性剪切带型金矿床,其成矿作用与控矿因素都与韧性剪切带有关.

文章通过K-Ar同位素年龄,氢、氧、硫、铅等同位素测试和流体 包裹研究,结合红十井金矿床的地质、矿区岩石化学、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学特征,探讨了红十井金矿床含金建造与金矿关系及矿床成因.研究表明红十井金 矿床为晚古生代裂谷带火山岩区受韧性剪切带控制的中-低温热液矿床,矿体赋存于中石炭统玄武(玢)岩及凝灰质砂岩组成的含金建造内,成矿物质主要来源于含 金建造,矿化以蚀变岩型和石英脉型为主.成矿年龄为209～267 Ma.成矿流体为岩浆水、玄武(玢)岩和凝灰质砂岩的变质水、建造水和大气降水的混合溶液,δD为-114.6‰～-68.8‰,δ18OH2O变化为 -2.47‰～5.91‰.成矿温度为115～381℃,成矿压力为471.8×105～675.9×105 Pa;流体盐度w(NaCleq)为2.18%～16.77%,平均7.79%,流体属中-低盐度、H2O-CO2体系.

正大青山金矿床位于新疆若羌县罗布泊东北侧,哈密西南300 km处,大地构造位置属于北山古生代裂谷系南亚带西段。该地区迄今还发现有红十井、八一泉、222、骆驼峰等多个中、小型金矿床(点),这些金矿床(点)的成矿地质物理化学条件具有相似性,系统研究大青山金矿床的地质特征及成因对扩大该区找矿前景具有重要意义。本文从矿床地质特征入手,探讨此金矿床的成因。

Principal component analysis (PCA) is an image processing technique that has been commonly applied to Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data to locate hydrothermal alteration zones related to metallic deposits. With the advent of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), a 14-band multispectral sensor operating onboard the Earth Observation System (EOS)-Terra satellite, the availability of spectral information in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum has been greatly increased. This allows detailed spectral characterization of surface targets, particularly of those belonging to the groups of minerals with diagnostic spectral features in this wavelength range, including phyllosilicates ( lay minerals), sulphates and carbonates, among others. In this study, PCA was applied to ASTER bands covering the SWIR with the objective of mapping the occurrence of mineral endmembers related to an epithermal gold prospect in Patagonia, Argentina. The results illustrate ASTER's ability to provide information on alteration minerals which are valuable for mineral exploration activities and support the role of PCA as a very effective and robust image processing technique for that purpose.

Remote sensing plays an important role in mineral exploration. One of its proven applications is extracting and locating alteration zones that are related to gold deposits. In this study, surface reflectance data derived from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imagery are used to map hydrothermal alteration zones for gold exploration. A band ratio derived from the image spectra (4/8, 4/2, and 8/9 in RGB) and a mineral extraction method based on n-dimensional spectral feature space have been developed, and tested against other conventional methods, and known auriferous alteration zones. Spectral signatures used to construct the new band ratio are validated by a field study of the Abu-Marawat area in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Results indicate that the method is promising for identifying alteration zones and is a useful tool for gold exploration in similar areas elsewhere.

Podiform chromite ore deposits in ultramafic parts of ophiolite rock complexes can be detected using remote sensing data. This study focuses on the discrimination of chromite bearing mineralized zones using Landsat TM and Advance Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data in Abdasht ophiolite complex, south of Iran. Several image processing methods, including Log residual, Decorellation Stretch, Band ratio and Mixture-Tuned Matched-Filtering (MTMF) have been evaluated for lithological mapping using Landsat ETM and ASTER data. The outcome showed that TIR band ratios of ASTER can discriminate quartzite, carbonate and mafic ltramafic rocks in the ophiolite complex. Log residual, Decorollation Stretch and MTMF methods were more capable than previous published ASTER methods specifically for lithological mapping at a regional scale. New geological map of Abdasht region was produced based on the interpretation of ASTER image processing results and field verification. Consequently, the proposed methods demonstrated the ability of ASTER and Landsat ETM data to provide information for detecting chromite host rock (serpentinized dunites) that is valuable for chromite prospecting in study area. Additionally, the techniques used in this study are subtle for exploration geologist and mine engineering to identify high-potential chromite-bearing zones in the ophiolite complex, minimizing costly and time-consuming field works.

Listwaenites are highly altered ultramafic rocks that are potentially associated with economic mineralization and research on these is extremely important worldwide. In the present study, the classification of mineralized listwaenites developed along the serpentinite-amphibolite interface of the Semail Ophiolite, its associated lithology and the zones of alteration and mineralization in the Fanjah Saddle of the Central Oman Mountains region of the Sultanate of Oman are carried out, using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data. The developed band ratioing, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) supervised classification and image processing techniques applied on the ASTER data set have proved their capability for better interpretation and identification of hydrothermally altered rocks and associated mineralization. The hyperspectral tools (Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), Pixel Purity Index (PPI) and nD-visualizer) extracted end member spectra and SAM classification clearly show the occurrence of minerals and their spatial distributions.The promising results are verified and confirmed in the field by identification of alteration and mineralization such as listwaenites, silicification, serpentinization and talc alteration and are validated further through laboratory analysis. The confirmation of the occurrence of base metal mineralization along the serpentinite-amphibolite interface in listwaenites suggests that detailed investigation in this and other arid regions which have similar geological conditions may locate mineral deposits. The hyperspectral tools applied on ASTER satellite data show that these can be used as a powerful tool to explore the listwaenites and the potential associated mineralization in other arid geographical regions worldwide. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The use of satellite images for mineral exploration has been very successful in pointing out the presence of minerals such as smectite and kaolinite which are important in the identification of hydrothermal alterations. Shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) with the wavelength of ASTER SWIR bands between 1.65 and 2.4302μm has a good potential for mapping a hydrothermal alteration minerals such as alunite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite, illite–muscovite–sericite, and carbonate. In this range, hydroxide minerals which have been produced by hydrothermal alteration exhibit good absorption compared to shorter or longer wavelengths. In this research which aims to remove atmospheric and topographic effects from ASTER SWIR data, the authors used the log-residual method (LRM) with the minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformation to create a pixel purity index (PPI) which was used to extract the most spectrally pure pixels from multispectral images. Spectral analyses of the clay mineralogy of the study area (east Zanjan, in northern Iran) were obtained by matching the unknown spectra of the purest pixels to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mineral library. Three methods, spectral feature fitting (SFF), spectral angle mapping (SAM), and binary encoding (BE) were used to generate a score between 0 and 1, where a value of 1 indicates a perfect match showing the exact mineral type. In this way, it was possible to identify certain mineral classes, including chlorite, carbonate, calcite–dolomite–magnesite, kaolinite–smectite, alunite, and illite. In this research, two main propylitic and phyllic–argillic zones could be separated using their compositions of these minerals. These two alteration zones are important for porphyry copper deposits and gold mineralization in this part of Iran.

An ASTER image covering the south Chocolate Mountains area, California, U.S.A. was evaluated for gold-related lithologic mapping and alteration mineral detection. A supervised classifier was first applied to the 14-channel ASTER radiance data to map lithologies related to gold deposits. Subsequently, four alteration indices were extracted from the six SWIR channels and transformed to delineate alteration zones using a PCA transformed mineralogic indices approach. Finally, a subpixel unmixing algorithm, the constrained energy minimization (CEM) technique was used to detect significant alteration minerals using the ASTER VNIR and SWIR surface reflectance data and reference spectra from the ASTER spectral library.The classification results show that the ASTER data were capable of mapping flood basalt, quartz-biotite gneiss, muscovite schist, granitic, volcanic, and metasedimentary rock units. The ASTER-derived rock units show excellent correlation with those on the reference geologic map. The overall classification accuracy is 82% and the Kappa coefficient 0.76. A group of gneisses, locally the most favorable host rocks of gold deposits, were mapped with the ASTER data with a Producer's accuracy of 86%, and more importantly were also mapped in some areas that were not shown on the field geologic map. Four alteration minerals: alunite, kaolinite, muscovite and montmorillonite were detected by subpixel unmixing analysis of the ASTER reflectance data. This study compared different methods for extracting mineralogic information from ASTER data, compared the remotely derived maps to the mapped field geology, and used the ASTER data to map minerals and lithologies related to gold exploration.

为弥补以往研究中遥感矿化蚀变信息提取精细化程度不高、对西南三江斑岩型铜矿深部找矿勘查推进支撑作用有限的不足,针对西南三江成矿带中南段滇西北普朗斑岩型铜矿区矿化蚀变分带从外至内呈青磐岩化—硅化绢云母化—钾化硅化分布的特点,分析斑岩型铜矿矿化蚀变分带的特征矿物组成、诊断性波谱及其ASTER遥感波谱响应; 采用多重分形"广义自相似性"和"局部奇异性"理论与能谱面积法(S-A法),探索复杂地质背景条件下斑岩型铜矿蚀变分带特征矿物,即青磐岩化(绿泥石、绿帘石)、硅化绢云母化(石英、绢云母)和钾化(钾长石)硅化(石英)等弱信息增强与提取方法; 通过对遥感蚀变分带结果进行实地查证及岩矿鉴定,印证了本文构建的斑岩型铜矿蚀变分带遥感异常增强和提取方法的可靠性。

<p>为了对甘肃省金昌市金川铜镍矿床外围地区进行遥感找矿预测,首先根据ASTER数据不同波段的特性分别提取岩性信息和蚀变信息,对热红外(TIR)波段,在采用波段比值法定量提取二氧化硅含量的基础上,利用波段比值计算的岩性指数(lithological index,LI)定量提取基性-超基性岩信息;对可见光-近红外(VNIR)及短波红外(SWIR)波段,运用主成分分析法定性提取高岭土-绢云母化、绿泥石化和蛇纹石化等矿化蚀变信息;然后在ArcGIS平台上,对所提取的矿化蚀变信息进行量化定级和叠加处理,制作综合矿化蚀变异常信息图(其反映的异常范围和强度与已知矿区十分一致);最后利用综合矿化蚀变异常信息,对金川铜镍矿床外围地区进行找矿预测,共圈定出3个找矿预测区,可为寻找同类型的矿床提供参考。</p>

为了更好地发挥遥感技术在我国西部艰险复杂地区地质找矿工作中的作用,利用World View2,Quick Bird,IKONOS,ASTER和ETM+等多元遥感数据,采取去相关、比值计算、主成分分析和图像融合等图像处理方法,在西昆仑成矿带黑恰达坂一带开展了1∶50 000遥感地质解译和遥感异常提取研究,对黑恰达坂附近的菱铁赤铁矿矿化带分布情况进行了调查,并通过野外验证快速圈定了温泉沟群的含铁层位。该矿化带赋存在下志留统温泉沟群,延伸长约120 km,其西北部被岩体侵蚀,东南部被喀拉塔格断裂截切,具有层位稳定、沿走向倾向连续性好、规模大的特征,是开展矿产资源调查工作的有利地区。调查结果表明,遥感技术已经成为地质矿产调查工作不可或缺的手段之一,必将在地质找矿工作中发挥重要作用,加速区域找矿突破进程。

从原理、模型试验及实际数据处理等方面分析对比了比值法、光谱角法及主分量分析法的优劣;选择了以主分量分析为主、光谱角法为辅进行蚀变遥感异常的提取;引用了误差理论某些基本概念,以标准离差&sigma;作为遥感异常切割的尺度;建立了&quot;去干扰异常主分量门限化技术流程&quot;。以西藏驱龙&mdash;甲马蚀变遥感异常群为例,展示了此技术的效果,并与高光谱研究结果进行了比较。

为从微观到宏观了解、掌握和运用围岩蚀变的特征与原岩特征,寻找大型矿床或大型矿集区,在总结常用遥感蚀变信息提取模型的基础上,结合主成分分析(PCA)和支持向量机(SVM)算法,建立了基于"掩模处理-主成分分析-支持向量机(MASK-PCA-SVM,MPS)"的遥感蚀变信息提取模型。在新疆哈图地区进行的基于ETM⁺的不同蚀变信息提取模型应用对比研究表明,使用常用模型提取出的蚀变信息和矿点吻合效果较差,而基于MPS模型提取出的蚀变信息与已知矿点的吻合率可达86.51%; 结合地质专家知识、地质图和一个已知异常点的分析结果表明,基于MPS模型的蚀变信息提取精度较高,在研究区地质应用中效果较好,为今后该区的遥感蚀变信息提取工作提供了一种新思路。

在分析哈密黄山铜镍矿区典型地物波谱特征的基础上,设计了基于ASTER数据的蚀变信息提取流程,详细论述了对4组含不同离子或基团的常见蚀变矿物应用主成分分析(PCA)进行蚀变信息提取、采用光谱角制图法(spectral angle mapper,SAM)进行干扰异常筛选的"SAM去干扰异常主分量门限技术"。4组(9种)蚀变矿物包括: 含Fe离子的矿物(针铁矿、赤铁矿)、含CO₃^2-基团的矿物(方解石、白云石)、含Al-OH基团的矿物(白云母、蒙脱石、高岭石)以及含Mg-OH基团的矿物(绿泥石、绿帘石)。蚀变矿物信息提取结果表明,"SAM去干扰异常主分量门限技术"方法可行,对ASTER数据的应用效果与实际情况比较吻合,充分证明ASTER在短波红外范围内具有很强的矿物刻画能力。

冀北地区大地构造单元包括华北陆块、天山-兴蒙造山系及中国东部造山-裂谷系,区内太古代变质岩广泛分布,海西期及燕山期岩浆侵入、喷发活动频繁,围岩蚀变发育,是寻找多金属矿产的有利区域.在分析遥感地质解译要素、蚀变遥感异常与矿化关系的基础上,以中分遥感解译的线、环及蚀变遥感异常、侵入岩、赋矿地层及矿产分布信息为判断因子,运用层次分析法建立找矿预测模型,圈出找矿靶区29个,其中3个找矿靶区内已发现5处大型-特大型矿床,6个找矿靶区内发现12处中型矿床.结果表明,在冀北地区运用层次分析法进行多金属矿找矿预测及找矿靶区圈定,具有较好的实用性.

通过研究不同层次的韧性剪切带与金矿化的关系及含金裂隙类型 ,结合地质地球化学和磁组构分析 ,探讨了韧性剪切带对金矿化的控制作用。认为韧性剪切带的控矿作用表现为在区域上控制金矿床 (点 )的分布 ,在矿床范围内 ,它既是唯一的赋 (含 )矿构造 ,也控制着矿化带和矿体的形态、产状、规模和分布 ,在矿床成因上决定了金矿化以蚀变糜棱岩型为主 ,同时韧性剪切变形及其形成的动力变质热液是金矿成矿流体的来源之一。

白墩子—小西弓韧性剪切带是甘肃北山地区8条韧性剪切带中最南侧的一条,位于北山南带的白墩子—小西弓一带,呈近东西向展布,长160km,宽5~8km。该韧性剪切带以近水平右行剪切为特点,是一条形成于中低—中偏高温度、较低差应力条件(53~106MPa)下的韧性剪切带,主应变(Rxz)为4~20,剪应变(γ)1.41~2.42,剪位移达10~25km。该韧性剪切带对金矿床控制作用明显,在区域上控制金矿床(点)的分布,在矿床范围内控制金矿化带、矿体的形态、产状和规模。压扭性韧性剪切变形特点决定了金矿化类型以蚀变糜棱岩型为主,蚀变以交代作用为特色。金矿化稍晚于韧性变形。

根据北山南带韧性剪切带地质特征和金矿（化）地质特征，探讨了韧性剪切带对金矿化的控制作用、金矿成因机制及金矿找矿方向，提出含金变质岩系、中低温韧-脆性剪切变质和中酸性花岗岩的三体一位找矿标志，韧性剪切带对金矿床（点）的形态、规模及分布起决定性作用。

One of the most important characteristics of porphyry copper deposits (PCDs) is the type and distribution pattern of alteration zones which can be used for screening and recognizing these deposits. Hydrothermal alteration minerals with diagnostic spectral absorption properties in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) through the shortwave infrared (SWIR) regions can be identified by multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing data. Six Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) bands in SWIR have been shown to be effective in the mapping of Al-OH, Fe-OH, Mg-OH group minerals. The five VNIR bands of Landsat-8 (L8) Operational Land Imager (OLI) are useful for discriminating ferric iron alteration minerals. In the absence of complete hyperspectral coverage area, an opportunity, however, exists to integrate ASTER and L8-OLI (AO) to compensate each other shortcomings in covering area for mineral mapping. This study examines the potential of AO data in mineral mapping in an arid area of the Duolong porphyry Cu-Au deposit(Tibetan Plateau in China) by using spectral analysis techniques. Results show the following conclusions: (1) Combination of ASTER and L8-OLI data (AO) has more mineral information content than either alone; (2) The Duolong PCD alteration zones of phyllic, argillic and propylitic zones are mapped using ASTER SWIR bands and the iron-bearing mineral information is best mapped using AO VNIR bands; (3) The multispectral integration data of AO can provide a compensatory data of ASTER VNIR bands for iron-bearing mineral mapping in the arid and semi-arid areas.

为了在西昆仑地区圈定黑恰铁多金属矿化带,主要运用高分遥感解译和矿化遥感异常信息增强与提取技术,配合适量的野外调查验证及采样测试工作,建立遥感综合找矿模型,为后续区域地质矿产工作规划部署和矿产勘查提供依据。调查结果表明,在黑恰一带圈定了1条找矿潜力巨大的含铜铅锌的菱铁-赤铁矿化带,延伸长度约60 km,宽度200~500 m。矿化带内含多个铁多金属矿化体。矿化体位于温泉沟群d段偏顶部碎屑岩向碳酸盐岩的过渡部位,呈层状、似层状、透镜状产出,产状一般为40°~50°∠68°~81°,与区域地层产状一致。单矿化体长度数百~9 500余m,地表出露厚度2~50 m,一般厚约15 m。地表矿石矿物以赤铁矿和褐铁矿为主,次为镜铁矿,含少量菱铁矿。铁矿化体顶板碎裂化的碳酸盐岩中普遍见Pb-Zn-Cu矿化,部分铁矿化体上部也可见Pb-Zn(少量Cu)矿化。高分遥感技术在西昆仑地区矿产地质综合调查中作用显著,可为实现找矿工作的快速突破创造条件,并为高分遥感技术在相同或类似地区开展找矿工作提供依据和借鉴。

阿尔金成矿带具有较大的金、铜、铅、锌等矿种找矿潜力,但因其自然环境恶劣,常规地质手段较难顺利开展野外调查工作。中国地质调查局"阿尔金成矿带矿产资源遥感综合调查"项目,以遥感技术为手段,综合利用高空间分辨率、多(高)光谱分辨率遥感数据,制作了高分辨率遥感影像图;完成了不同尺度地层-构造遥感解译;开展了Fe~(3+)、Al—OH、Mg—OH和CO_3~(2-)等蚀变异常信息的提取与筛选;基于野外调查验证和典型矿床研究,实现了遥感找矿预测,在阿尔金贝壳滩地区的恰什坎·萨依河中游及下游发现2处构造蚀变岩型金矿化线索;总结了该地区构造蚀变岩型金矿的成矿机理,指明了该类矿床的有利找矿方向。

遥感技术是地质矿产调查工作不可或缺的手段之一。以高空间分辨率（World View-2、Quick Bird、IKONOS）和中等空间分辨率（ASTER、ETM＋）卫星数据为遥感数据源,利用多元、多层次遥感技术,完成了西昆仑成矿带高分辨率遥感地质调查工作。制作了调查区1∶5万正射影像图,为遥感地质调查工作提供了既具有精确地理坐标,又能直观反映区域交通和地质灾害分布状况等信息的基础影像地图;通过遥感地质解译和遥感蚀变异常信息提取,结合野外验证,基本查明了调查区区域（含矿/成矿）地质体、（含矿/成矿）地质构造的展布特征和遥感矿化蚀变异常信息的分布情况;在典型矿床找矿模型、区域成矿分区、区域成矿/控矿要素分布特征等研究工作的基础上,开展了遥感找矿预测,并对部分遥感找矿预测区进行了野外验证和简易工程查证。本次调查共为调查区推荐3 349处遥感蚀变异常区,圈定146个找矿预测区,推荐16个区调/矿调工作优先部署区和30个一般部署区,充分发挥了遥感技术在区域矿产地质调查工作中的先行作用。

为推进航空高光谱遥感矿物信息提取技术及其在地质工程化中的应用,2010-2015年,以我国西部成矿带为调查区,使用CASI/SASI/TASI航空高光谱数据,在进行矿物光谱特征分析、高光谱影像数据预处理、矿物信息提取、蚀变异常信息筛选及区域找矿预测基础上,编制了矿物种类分布图、单矿物丰度分布图和找矿预测图等高光谱地质调查系列专题图件;建立了一套高光谱遥感矿物填图技术体系,解决了高光谱数据预处理与矿物提取等方面的技术问题,推进了地质填图向精细化和微观化方向发展.该研究为高光谱技术在地质工程化中的应用奠定了基础,丰富了地质填图的产品类型和内容,并服务于地质找矿等地质工作.