本文发现：近年来城市比乡村好的城镇化前提开始出现新变化,以前农村-城市单向的城镇化过程,可能会出现城乡之间的反向或双向的过程。城镇化的主要驱动力逐渐从工业部门拓展到整个非农产业,改变了城镇规模越大越好的组织模式;市场在信息化条件下的“流”空间中开始出现分散化布局的组织模式,改变了传统空间的规模-等级结构;产业之间相互融合的新趋势将改变传统单一用地功能的设置,而更强调功能和空间的复合应对;城市发展由经济利益主导向综合效益转变,城市等级的高低取决于自身的吸引力以及在此基础上所形成的功能。建议未来完善城镇化模式、路径、规划、调控的理论方法,注重城乡特色、推进城乡等值化、实现城乡要素交流融合。

This paper analyzes the precondition of urbanization, and concludes that the premise that urban area is better than rural area began to change. The result may be the one-way urbanization process from rural to urban area changes into a reverse or two-way process between rural and urban areas. This paper discusses the driving force and evolving mechanism of the new-type urbanization, and believes that the main driving force of urbanization came from the economies of scale under industrialized production in the early period, which gradually expands from industrial sectors to non-agricultural industries, and changes the organization pattern that the bigger the size is, the better the town is. The paper believes that the organization model of the market in "flow" space under the information condition presents the trend of decentralized layout, which will change the scale-hierarchy structure of traditional space. The paper concludes that the new trend of the mutual integration between industries will change the setting of traditional single-use functions, while emphasizing the complex response of function and space. The paper does not believe that the changes in preconditions and driving mechanisms for urbanization means that urbanization is an inevitable process, and that the higher the level of urbanization, the better, and the larger the city size, the better. The paper finds that the goal of urban development has shifted from economic benefits to comprehensive benefits. The paper concludes that the city level depends on its own attraction and the function based on it, instead of size. The paper does not believe that the residents who are engaged in non-agricultural industries and enjoy non-agricultural lifestyle in new type of rural areas be counted as farmers, but as "semi-urbanization" population. The paper believes that the socio-economic patterns are very complex and highly integrated with each other, so it is difficult to rationally distinguish the connotations of cities or villages from the simple definition of urbanization. The paper proposes that in the semi-urbanized areas, local resources should be used as an advantage, and the main employment forms, public service and infrastructure conditions, lifestyle, and community culture should be promoted in close proximity to the urbanization area. The paper believes that in the future, it is necessary to revise and improve the theory and method of urbanization mode, path, planning and regulation, pay attention to urban and rural characteristics, promote urban and rural equivalent development, and realize the integration of urban and rural factors.

本文基于1992—2012年DMSP/OLS和2012—2018年NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光遥感数据,对长江三角洲城市群时空演化格局进行监测。考虑到不同卫星夜间灯光遥感数据之间的不一致性以及城市核心区亮度过饱和问题,对DMSP/OLS和NPP/VIIRS数据进行连续性校正、去饱和处理和一致性校正,构建长江三角洲区域1992—2018年长时间序列多源夜间灯光遥感数据集。利用二分法基于该数据逐年提取长江三角洲城市群各城市建成区空间分布,计算加权标准差椭圆和Zipf系数进行重心变化和方向性分布变化、规模体系变化等监测。结果表明： ① 本研究采用的连续性校正、去饱和处理和一致性校正方法能够构建稳定的长时间序列多源夜间灯光遥感数据集; ② 基于二分法提取的建成区面积平均绝对误差为6.85 km²,平均相对误差为8.10%; ③ 长三角城市群重心较为稳定,始终在苏州市境内的太湖沿岸附近,呈现出向东南方向移动的趋势城市群呈西北—东南方向分布,且分布方向有向南北方向转动的趋势,标准差椭圆的扁率持续减小,表明城市群的方向性分布减弱; ④ Zipf系数始终在1附近且呈缓慢降低的趋势,城市规模分布较为均衡。

基于不透水表面和MODIS增强型植被指数（EVI）数据,辅以分段线性回归、趋势分析等方法,定量分析2000—2018年京津冀不透水表面覆盖率（ISP）的时空演变及其对植被的影响。结果表明：① 京津冀ISP呈显著增加的趋势,增速为0.024%/a（P<0.01）。分阶段来看,2000—2010年和2011—2018年ISP均呈显著增加趋势,增速分别为0.019%/a（P<0.01）和0.037%/a（P<0.01）,后一阶段的增速快于前一阶段;② 空间上,ISP快速增加的区域主要位于城市和近郊,缓慢增加和增加的区域主要位于主城区和农村;③ 从不同ISP区域ΔEVI的时间变化趋势来看,城区、近郊和远郊的ΔEVI均呈显著下降趋势（P<0.05）的地市分别有6个、6个和3个。主城区的ΔEVI呈显著增加趋势的地市有3个（P<0.05）。从EVI的空间变化趋势来看,显著增加的区域主要位于北京、天津等市的主城区,显著减少的区域主要位于北京、天津、石家庄等地市的近郊和远郊;④ 从EVI随ISP的空间变化趋势看,所有地市EVI随ISP的增加均呈显著减小的趋势（P<0.01）。减小趋势最大和最小的地市分别为秦皇岛和张家口,其下降速率为-0.0081/a和-0.0043/a。从时间变化来看,京津冀的EVI与ISP呈显著负相关,其相关系数为-0.4912。研究结果可为中国城市快速扩张过程中的植被变化提供理论参考和科学实践。

Exploring the urbanization effects on vegetation is crucial for the urban ecological management and green space planning. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Enhanced Vegetation Index (MODIS-EVI) and impervious surface data from 2000 to 2018 were utilized to assess the spatiotemporal impervious surface percentage (ISP) and its impact on vegetation by the piecewise regression model, trend analysis, and correlation analysis. Results indicated that (1) During the whole period, the ISP significantly increased (P<0.01), with the linear tendency being 0.024%/a. There existed two distinct periods with different increasing trends, with the linear tendency being 0.0019/a (P<0.01) and 0.0037/a (P<0.01) in terms of 2000-2010 and 2011-2018, respectively. The ISP from 2011 to 2018 increased faster than that from 2000 to 2010. (2) Rapid increases in the ISP were mainly distributed in the urban (0.5<ISP≤0.75) and suburban (0.25<ISP≤0.5) areas. Slow increases in the ISP were mainly distributed in the urban core (0.75<ISP≤1) and rural areas (0<ISP≤0.05). (3) From the perspective of change trends of rural EVI and the ΔEVI in urban areas, the areas with significant decreased ISP were mainly distributed in the urban, suburban, and exurban areas. The ΔEVI decreased significantly in urban, suburban and exurban areas for 6 of 13 cities, 6 of 13 cities and 3 of 13 cities, respectively (P<0.05). By contrast, the areas with increased ISP were mainly distributed in the urban core, and increased significantly for cities of Beijing, Tianjin and Baoding (P<0.05). The stable or even significant increase trend of ΔEVI in the urban core (0.75<ISP≤1) in most cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region could primarily be attributed to the positive effects derived from the urban ecological environment, and improvement of the preservation and construction of the urban green space. In terms of spatial variation, EVI increased significantly in the urban cores of Beijing and Tianjin, and decreased significantly in the suburban and exurban areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang. (4) As for spatial trends, the annual maximum EVI from 2000 to 2018 decreased significantly (P<0.05) with elevating ISP for all the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The highest decaying rate was observed in Qinhuangdao (-0.0081/a), while the lowest decaying rate was found in Zhangjiakou (-0.0043/a). From the view of temporal variation, significant negative correlation between ISP and EVI was found in the study region and the correlation coefficient was -0.4912. The results can provide scientific and theoretical basis for research on vegetation change in the process of rapid urban expansion in China.

通过拟合最优幂函数模型,将NPP-VIIRS影像模拟为DMSP-OLS影像,构建了京津冀、长江三角洲（简称长三角）和珠江三角洲（简称珠三角）三大城市群1992—2017年长时间序列夜间灯光影像集。参考城市建成区统计数据确定夜间灯光最佳阈值提取城市范围,有效剥离统计数据中包含的经济活力不足的城市空间,识别出不属于统计范围的低等级、高活力城镇区,创新了数据应用视角。研究表明：① 县级城镇和市级以上城市对三大城市群城市范围的贡献度不同。京津冀腹地广阔,县级城镇是区域经济活力的重要组成部分,整体上贡献度最大;1990s初期长三角部分县级城镇经济活力较强,大量撤县设市后县级城镇数量减少,逐渐在2005年后低于京津冀;珠三角受到社会经济发展条件和行政单元划分的影响,县级城镇对城市范围的贡献在3个城市群中始终最小。② 三大城市群城市扩展非均衡性特征存在差异。京津冀城市扩展为京、津主导下的“双核”模式,非均衡性显著,尚未形成完善的城市规模体系;长三角和珠三角城市集聚特征明显,均衡性更强。重心迁移的路径、方向和距离反映各城市群不同的扩展强度和作用模式。③ 城市空间扩展格局整体均呈现热点区不断扩大、冷点区不断缩小的特征。其中京津冀热点和冷点区相对稳定,热点区向心集聚作用较强;长三角和珠三角空间格局变化较大,区域核心城市带动作用较强。

在遥感应用研究中,夜间灯光遥感作为发展活跃的一个重要分支,近年来受到越来越多来自自然科学领域和社会经济领域的关注。与传统的光学遥感卫星获取地物辐射信息不同,夜间灯光遥感是获取夜间无云条件下地表发射的可见光-近红外电磁波信息。相比于普通的遥感卫星影像,夜间灯光遥感所使用的夜间灯光影像记录的地表灯光强度信息更直接反映人类活动差异,因而被广泛应用于城市化进程研究、不透水面提取、社会经济指标空间化估算、重大事件评估、生态环境评估等领域。目前,虽然基于夜间灯光数据的应用研究成果正在不断积累,但对成果的系统性总结、整理的研究目前存在着覆盖面不全、时效性不强等不足。基于此,论文通过对近几十年来有关夜间灯光数据的研究成果的详细梳理,从数据处理与技术方法、应用研究等方面进行归纳总结。最后,文章从多源数据融合、应用领域拓展和短周期地表灯光监测3个方面指出了未来的研究热点。

In recent years, much attention has been given to the current situation and trend regarding economic development in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), of which urbanization is an important indicator. In the present study, (i) the urbanized area is estimated using DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS, (ii) the current spatial pattern and the change characteristics of typical cities are revealed, and (iii) the scale and developmental stage of major cities in the DPRK are judged through comparison. Although the DPRK is relatively closed, the financial crisis in 2008 indirectly affected its economic development, and a large gap remains between the urbanization level of the DPRK and that of China and the Republic of Korea. The large cities in the DPRK are located mainly in its eastern coastal areas and western plains, and there has been no significant expansion in Pyongyang, Chungjin, and Hamhung in the past 28 years. Although economic construction has begun again recently in the DPRK, further reform and opening are required. As the DPRK’s relations with its neighbors and countries around the world improve, its economic development and urban construction will present a new pattern.

科学估算并动态监测长时间序列区域能源消费碳排放发展态势,是制定、实施及评估地区碳减排策略的科学依据和基础保障。基于构建的长时间序列可相互比较的DMSP/OLS与NPP/VIIRS两种夜间灯光数据集,本文模拟了2000&#x02014;2018年黄河流域能源消费碳排放的时空变化特征,并从流域地理分异的角度对其影响因素进行解析。结果表明：① 2000&#x02014;2018年黄河流域能源消费碳排放呈现总量不断上升但增长速率下降的态势,整体表现出收敛趋势,但还未达到碳峰值;流域内部碳排放总量呈中游&gt;下游&gt;上游的地理分异特征。② 以黄河干流及主要支流为串联的核心城市形成了若干规模不一的高密度碳排放中心。③ 黄河流域碳排放呈显著的正的全局空间自相关,并形成了以晋陕蒙资源型城市为依托的中上游碳排放高-高集聚,以及上游甘青宁地区为主的碳排放低-低集聚。④ 经济发展水平对碳排放空间分异的影响力始终最强,其次为城镇化水平与人口规模,&#x0201c;GDP+&#x0201d;能源结构、能源强度与产业结构所主导的交互作用是导致碳排放持续增长的主要推动力。从构建流域生命共同体的视角出发,结合黄河流域自然环境特点与经济社会特征,并统筹上下游、左右岸、干支流之间的关系,分区施策与分时施策并行,对实现以碳减排为目标的黄河流域生态保护与可持续发展意义重大。

Understanding the spatial distribution of populations at a finer spatial scale has important value for many applications, such as disaster risk rescue operations, business decision-making, and regional planning. In this study, a random forest (RF)-based population density mapping method was proposed in order to generate high-precision population density data with a 100 m × 100 m grid in mainland China in 2015 (hereafter referred to as ‘Popi’). Besides the commonly used elevation, slope, Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI), land use/land cover, roads, and National Polar Orbiting Partnership/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP/VIIRS), 16,101,762 records of points of interest (POIs) and 2867 county-level censuses were used in order to develop the model. Furthermore, 28,505 township-level censuses (74% of the total number of townships) were collected in order to evaluate the accuracy of the Popi product. The results showed that the utilization of multi-source data (especially the combination of POIs and NPP/VIIRS data) can effectively improve the accuracy of population mapping at a finer scale. The feature importances of the POIs and NPP/VIIRS are 0.49 and 0.14, respectively, which are higher values than those obtained for other natural factors. Compared with the Worldpop population dataset, the Popi data exhibited a higher accuracy. The number of accurately-estimated townships was 19,300 (67.7%) in the Popi product and 16,237 (56.9%) in the Worldpop product. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) were 14,839 and 7218, respectively, for Popi, and 18,014 and 8572, respectively, for Worldpop. The research method in this paper could provide a reference for the spatialization of other socioeconomic data (such as GDP).

快速城镇化过程极大改变了区域生境的空间格局和功能要素,深刻影响生境斑块之间的物质流和能量流,同时对生境和生物多样性造成严重威胁。本研究采用InVEST模型、景观指数及多元线性回归,系统分析了1990—2018年黄土高原全域及人口密集区城镇化对生境质量影响的时空格局特征与因素。结果表明: 黄土高原城镇扩张显著影响生境质量,1990—2018年间建设用地面积增幅49.6%,导致生境斑块的总面积减少5.2%。2010年后,城镇斑块面积上升,斑块密度和破碎度下降,使城镇生境质量呈现出“外高中低”的空间格局。人口密集区城镇扩张速率与生境质量呈现显著负相关,区域内生境质量平均值下降2.7%,生境退化水平上升33.4%。生境质量等级不稳定,高等级生境易转为低一等级,兰州、西安-咸阳和太原转化率分别为12.9%、2.9%和1.7%。本研究所用8个影响因素能有效解释生境质量的空间变化(R²=68.7%),其中,人口密度和距道路距离是导致生境破碎化的主要因素,坡度、GDP及降水对生境空间格局优化具有积极作用。

. The nighttime light (NTL) satellite data have been widely\nused to investigate the urbanization process. The Defense Meteorological\nSatellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) stable nighttime\nlight data and Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared\nImaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) nighttime light data are two widely\nused NTL datasets. However, the difference in their spatial resolutions and\nsensor design requires a cross-sensor calibration of these two datasets for\nanalyzing a long-term urbanization process. Different from the traditional\ncross-sensor calibration of NTL data by converting NPP-VIIRS to\nDMSP-OLS-like NTL data, this study built an extended time series (2000–2018)\nof NPP-VIIRS-like NTL data through a new cross-sensor calibration from\nDMSP-OLS NTL data (2000–2012) and a composition of monthly NPP-VIIRS NTL\ndata (2013–2018). The proposed cross-sensor calibration is unique due to the\nimage enhancement by using a vegetation index and an auto-encoder model.\nCompared with the annual composited NPP-VIIRS NTL data in 2012, our product\nof extended NPP-VIIRS-like NTL data shows a good consistency at the pixel\nand city levels with R2 of 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. We also found\nthat our product has great accuracy by comparing it with DMSP-OLS radiance-calibrated NTL (RNTL) data in 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2010. Generally, our\nextended NPP-VIIRS-like NTL data (2000–2018) have an excellent spatial\npattern and temporal consistency which are similar to the composited\nNPP-VIIRS NTL data. In addition, the resulting product could be easily\nupdated and provide a useful proxy to monitor the dynamics of demographic\nand socioeconomic activities for a longer time period compared to existing\nproducts. The extended time series (2000–2018) of nighttime light data is\nfreely accessible at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YGIVCD (Chen et\nal., 2020).\n

城镇化是地区经济发展和社会进步的重要标志,研究城镇化水平对城镇科学发展和政府高效决策具有重要意义。夜间灯光数据包含了人类活动和经济社会发展等信息,弥补了指标法的不确定性和滞后性等不足,可以更加直观地反映城镇化水平,为城镇化研究提供了新的思路。现有的研究,已经有用夜间灯光数据分析宏观尺度的城镇化水平,但由于DMSP-OLS数据和NPP-VIIRS数据的时间范围均较短,且2种数据的时间尺度不连续,且空间分辨率和辐射分辨率不一致,因此目前主要集中于使用一种夜间灯光数据研究城镇化水平,且研究的时间跨度较短。此外,虽然已有研究表明,大尺度的社会经济活动与夜间光照情况有较强的相关关系,但在较小尺度下,这种相关性受地区经济发展以及灯光数据分辨率的影响较大,对估算精度有更高的要求,因此需要使用实际数据证明使用夜间灯光数据估算县级城镇化水平的合理性。本文使用DMSP_OLS和NPP_VIIRS夜间灯光数据,估算了2006—2015年安徽省县级尺度城镇化水平,为夜间灯光数据在长时间序列的城镇化研究中提供理论支撑。首先分别计算DMSP-OLS和NPP-VIIRS平均夜间灯光指数,以NPP-VIIRS灯光指数为自变量,以DMSP-OLS灯光指数为因变量,对2012年和2013年的2种灯光指数年数据进行曲线拟合,建立2种灯光数据的对应关系,得到2006—2015年安徽省各区县的DMSP-OLS平均夜间灯光指数;然后从人口、经济、社会生活和农业机械化4个方面选取城镇化指标,使用层次分析法计算基于统计数据的城镇化水平;最后将灯光指数与基于统计数据的城镇化水平进行相关性分析和线性回归分析,讨论了安徽省各区县灯光指数和基于统计数据的城镇化水平的时空分布的异同点,分析了同时使用两种灯光指数估算长时间序列城镇化水平的合理性。研究结果显示,灯光指数和基于统计数据的城镇化水平在县级尺度上具有高度相关性,相关系数为0.91（P&lt;0.05）,线性回归的拟合优度R²=0.82。灯光指数和基于统计数据的城镇化水平的时空分布基本一致,空间上,安徽省城镇化水平整体分布不均衡,呈现出东高西低的规律;时间上,2006—2015年城镇化水平呈现逐年增长的趋势,合肥市辖区、马鞍山市辖区等发达城区的城镇化水平增长速度较快,而霍丘县、寿县等经济欠发达地区增长较缓慢。

Urbanization is an important factor affecting the pattern of regional ecological security. Clarifying the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services can provide decision-making references for promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in the Middle Yellow River. Based on the analysis of the spatio and temporal patterns of urbanization and ecosystem services in the Middle Yellow River from 2000 to 2018, the study uses the coupling coordination degree model to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of the coupling relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services in the study area. The results show that between 2000 and 2018, the comprehensive urbanization level increased by 72.24%, and the spatial distribution was generally "high in the south and low in the north", with economically developed counties decreasing outward. Grain production, water resource conservation, soil conservation and carbon sequestration services all showed an increasing trend in different spatial distribution trends. Generally, the degree of coupling coordination between grain production, water resource conservation, soil conservation and carbon sequestration services and comprehensive urbanization level is on the rise, but the degree of coupling coordination in the Fenhe-Weihe Plain is low, while that in economically developed counties is high.

The anthropogenic nighttime light (NTL) data that are acquired by satellites can characterize the intensity of human activities on the ground. It has been widely used in urban development assessment, socioeconomic estimate, and other applications. However, currently, the two main sensors, Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) and Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Satellite’s Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS), provide inconsistent data. Hence, the application of NTL for long-term analysis is hampered. This study constructed a new inter-calibration method for DMSP-OLS and NPP-VIIRS nighttime light to solve this problem. First, NTL data were processed to obtain vicarious site across China. By comparing different candidate models, it is discovered the Biphasic Dose Response (BiDoseResp) model, which is a weighted combination of sigmoid functions, can best perform the regression between DMSP-OLS and logarithmically transformed NPP-VIIRS. The coefficient of determination of BiDoseResp model reaches 0.967. It’s residual sum of squares is 6.136 × 10 5, which is less than 6.199 × 10 5 of Logistic function. After obtaining the BiDoseResp-calibrated VIIRS (BDRVIIRS), we smoothed it by a filter with optimal parameters to maximize the consistency. The result shows that the consistency of NTL data is greatly enhanced after calibration. In 2013, the correlation coefficient between DMSP-OLS and original NPP-VIIRS data in the China region is only 0.621, while that reaches to 0.949 after calibration. Finally, a consistent NTL dataset of China from 1992 to 2018 was produced. When compared with the existing methods, our method is applicable to the full dynamic range of DMSP-OLS. Besides, it is more suitable for country or larger scale areas. It is expected that this method can greatly facilitate the development of research that is based on the historical NTL archive.

科学评估青藏高原城镇化与生态环境交互影响的总体状况,对优化城镇化速度和质量,修复和提升生态环境状态具有重要意义。在梳理青藏高原城镇化与生态环境交互影响研究进展基础上,本文尝试构建一套完整的城镇化与生态环境交互影响分析模型体系,实现从综合评价指数分析、耦合协调度量化、耦合类型识别、解耦路径探索到未来趋势预测的全过程解析。以青藏高原及其省域、地级单元多尺度分析对比为手段,尝试厘清尺度之间的差异性,识别出问题区域,并提出针对性的改进措施。研究发现,青藏高原不同尺度间城镇化综合评价指数呈阶段性上升趋势,青海的整体城镇化指数高于西藏;生态环境指数变化趋势不同,青海呈下降态势,西藏则趋向平稳,各地级单元生态环境指数存在分层现象。青藏高原不同尺度城镇化与生态环境耦合协调度总体呈上升趋势,协调类型由失调衰退类向濒临失调衰退类转变,最后转为勉强协调发展类,基本属于城镇化滞后型。城镇化指数与生态环境指数呈现出强脱钩、弱脱钩交互出现的波动态势,说明不同尺度间存在城镇化与生态环境的负相互作用,消极城镇化现象突出。通过预测,青藏高原各地级单元在未来10年内,系统耦合协调度将稳步上升,但各地增长速度将存在显著差距。

Scientifically assessing the interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau is critical for optimization of urbanization speed and quality, and for the restoration and improvement of the eco-environment. Based on previous studies about the interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau, we established complete analysis models to examine the overall process, including comprehensive evaluation index analysis, coupling coordination degree measurement, coupling type identification, decoupling path exploration, and future trend prediction. We used a multi-scale comparison analysis method to clarify the differences between scales (across the Tibetan Plateau and its provinces and prefecture-level cities), identify the problem regions, and propose customized improvement measures. Here we show that the comprehensive evaluation index of urbanization has experienced a staged upward trend in different scales, and the overall urbanization index of Qinghai is higher than that of Tibet. However, the changing trends of the eco-environment index are different. The changes in eco-environment index of Qinghai show a decreasing trend, whereas Tibet's changes tend to be stable. The eco-environment index of prefecture-level cities is stratified. We also found that the changing trends of coupling coordination degree of urbanization and eco-environment in different scales were overall rising. The coupling type has changed from imbalanced recession type to nearly imbalanced recession type, and finally to grudgingly coordinated development type. However, most of these types are lagged urbanization types. The alternate change trend between strong decoupling and weak decoupling indicates a negative interaction between urbanization and the eco-environment at different scales. Thus, it can be inferred that the lagged urbanization is a prominent phenomenon. The result of predication shows that in the next 10 years the coupling coordination degree of urbanization and eco-environment will increase steadily in all geographic units, but there will be a gap in the growth rate.

Urban sprawl is the most prominent characteristic of urbanization, and increasingly affects local and regional sustainable development. The observation and analysis of urban sprawl dynamics and their relationship with urbanization quality are essential for framing integrative urban planning. In this study, the urban areas of the West Taiwan Strait Urban Agglomeration (WTSUA) were extracted using nighttime light imagery from 1992 to 2013. The spatio-temporal characteristics and pattern of urban sprawl were quantitatively analyzed by combining an urban expansion rate index and a standard deviation ellipse model. The urbanization quality was assessed using an entropy weight model, and its relationship with urban sprawl was calculated by a coupling coordination degree model. The results showed that the urban area in the WTSUA experienced a significant increase, i.e., 18,806.73 km2, during the period 1992–2013. The central cities grew by 11.08% and noncentral cities by 27.43%, with a general uneven city rank-size distribution. The urban sprawl showed a circular expansion pattern, accompanied by a gradual centroid migration of urban areas from the southeast coast to the central-western regions. The coupling coordination level between urban expansion and urbanization quality increased from serious incoordination in 1992 to basic coordination in 2013. Dual driving forces involving state-led policies and market-oriented land reform had a positive influence on the harmonious development of urban sprawl and urbanization quality of the WTSUA. This research offers an effective approach to monitor changes in urban sprawl and explore the coupling coordination relationship between urban sprawl and urbanization quality. The study provides important scientific references for the formulation of future policies and planning for sustainable development in urban agglomerations.

研究黄河流域建成区扩展特征有助于透视用地开发效果和践行中心城市高质量发展规划。基于1992、1997、2002、2007、2012、2018年6期夜间灯光影像与统计数据，提取建成区范围，采用扩展强度指数、紧凑度指数、协调发展系数与灰色关联分析，探究1992—2018年黄河流域8个中心城市扩展的时空格局、质量及动力因子。结果表明：（1）黄河流域中心城市建成区面积分化明显，中下游城市扩展规模和强度大，扩展形态呈紧凑度普遍下降趋势。（2）夜间灯光影像数据刻画的西安建成区综合水平高、西宁水平低，银川综合发展快、兰州慢；除西宁、呼和浩特与太原外，其他中心城市平均夜间灯光指数在1997—2018年呈下降趋势，反映城市扩展水平降低。（3）中心城市人口-土地协调发展系数均呈波动下降趋势，除呼和浩特、太原和济南外，人口-土地由基本协调型向土地过快扩展型转变；中心城市经济-土地协调发展系数呈波动下降趋势，经济年均增长率降低，建成区面积年均扩展率增加，基本由经济过快增长型向经济-土地协调发展型转变。（4）中心城市空间扩展主要受经济发展（地区生产总值）影响；从中心城市整体看，全时段（1996—2018年）行政力（固定资产投资）和内源力（人口规模）影响作用较大，分时段（1996—2002年、2002—2012年与2012—2018年）行政力影响系数亦较高，市场力（社会消费品零售总额）与外向力（实际利用外资额）影响作用程度随时间增加明显。新时期黄河流域中心城市空间扩展应注重内部提质增效，提高建设用地利用效率，促进城市高质量发展。