Abstract: With the in-depth development of the national fitness movement in China, the public’s health awareness has significantly increased, but sports and fitness facilities have gradually been unable to meet the people’s growing need for fitness. Based on the review and summary of the historical development, application scope, and application means of the geographic information system (GIS) technology in national fitness, this paper concludes that the GIS is primarily applied to the spatial data analysis, the resource allocation of fitness facilities, and the query and retrieval of fitness information in the field of national fitness by means of the spatial distribution characteristics analysis, accessibility assessment, and correlation verification of national fitness facilities. The GIS technology can efficiently address the issues concerning the layout of sports and fitness facilities, thus facilitating physical exercise activities of the public and significantly improving the effects of national fitness activities. Furthermore, the GIS technology will provide more effective technical support for national fitness activities in the scientific and technological progress and the development of multidisciplinary research.