Abstract: This study investigates the spatial-temporal changes in the fractional vegetation cover in North Shanxi using the methods of inverse distance weighting and Pearson correlation analysis based on the GIS, RS, and SPSS22.0 platforms and the MODIS data of North Shanxi from 2000 to 2015. Meanwhile, it researches the driving factors of the vegetation changes according to the data of precipitation, air temperature, and social economy. The results are as follows. During 2000-2015, the overall fractional vegetation cover in the study area varied in the range of 0.35~0.55. Meanwhile, the spatial-temporal differences in the distribution of climatic factors produced different effects on the fractional vegetation cover. According to the results of principal component analysis, the contribution rates of GDP, rural population, total population, cultivated land area, precipitation, and air temperature were 41.4%, -38.3%, 35.7%, 32.8%, 21.3%, and 7.1%, respectively for the changes in the fractional vegetation cover. The study on the driving factors of vegetation cover will provide a scientific basis for future ecological protection.