Abstract: Featuring many mountains and few flatlands, Guizhou Province has scarce cultivated land resources. Consequently, dam areas become a main carrier for developing high-quality modern agriculture and increasing farmers’ income in Guizhou. The information extraction and characteristic research of dam areas can provide a scientific reference for the adjustment of the agricultural industrial structure and the sustainable utilization of land resources in Guizhou. With the domestic high-resolution satellite images of 2020 with a resolution of 2 m as the main data source, this study extracted, verified, and analyzed the remote sensing images of the dam areas with an area over 500 mu (33.33 hm²) using the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), the geographical information system (GIS), and remote sensing (RS). The remote sensing monitoring results are as follows: ① Guizhou has about 1 749 dam areas with an area of over 33.33 hm² each, covering a total area of about 337 080.14 hm², which account for 9.71% of the cultivated land; ② The dam areas with an area of 33.33~66.67 hm² and 66.67~100 hm² each account for the highest two proportions and account for 46.65% in total; ③ The dam areas mostly have small areas, with 32.05% on a scale of 10 000 mu (666.67 hm²). Moreover, there is not a proportional relationship between the number of dam areas and their area. The dam areas with an area of over 33.33 hm² each are mainly distributed in the central region along the northeastern-southwestern area in Guizhou, with Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Zunyi City, and Anshun City ranking the top three in terms of area. The dam areas are dominated by those at altitudes of 1 000~1 500 m, which account for 46.68%. In addition, the dam areas are largely distributed in hilly and mountainous areas, with a few of them spreading in basins and platforms.