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    川西可尔因稀有金属矿集区遥感地质找矿应用

    Application of remote sensing geology in mineral prospecting in the Ke’eryin rare metal ore concentration area in the western Sichuan Basin

    • 摘要: 川西可尔因稀有金属矿集区位于松潘—甘孜成矿带东段,拥有丰富的花岗伟晶岩型锂、铌、铍、钽等稀有金属矿产资源,是我国继新疆阿尔泰可可托海式花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿集区、川西甲基卡式花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿集区、川西九龙花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿集区之外的又一处硬岩型稀有金属矿最集中的产地之一。矿集区属构造剥蚀深切割高山区,因交通不便、植被覆盖茂密、地形陡峭等因素绝大多数地段人员无法到达,传统地质调查存在一定的局限性。以川西可尔因稀有金属矿集区内已有矿床中含矿花岗伟晶岩脉在高分辨率遥感影像图上的影像特征和解译标志为基础,对矿集区进行花岗伟晶岩脉室内解译及部分野外验证,掌握了川西可尔因稀有金属矿集区内花岗伟晶岩脉的分布规律及特征: 稀有金属矿以花岗伟晶岩脉为载体,在可尔因复式岩体边缘0~5 km范围内的断裂带及围岩裂隙等构造薄弱处侵入; 提出了出露于地表的花岗伟晶岩脉及转石是找稀有金属矿最直接的标志; 建立了川西可尔因稀有金属矿集区高植被覆盖区遥感地质找矿方法,有效弥补了传统地质找矿的不足; 在可尔因复式岩体北部及北西部划分了3处重点找矿地段,确定了新一轮找矿突破战略行动方向。

       

      Abstract: The Ke’eryin rare metal ore concentration area in the western Sichuan Basin (also referred to as the Ke’eryin ore concentration area), located in the eastern segment of the Songpan-Ganzi metallogenic belt, boasts abundant granitic pegmatite-hosted rare metal resources like lithium, niobium, beryllium, and tantalum. It stands as one of the most concentrated areas for hard-rock rare metal deposits in China, following the granitic pegmatite-type rare metal ore concentration areas in the Koktokay area in Altay in Xinjiang, and the Jiajika and Jiulong areas in the western Sichuan Basin. The Ke’eryin ore concentration area is characterized by tectonic denudation and deeply cut high mountains, resulting in inconvenient transportation, dense vegetation, and steep terrains. Consequently, most parts of the area are inaccessible to humans, hindering the implementation of traditional geological surveys. Based on the features and interpretation keys of high-resolution remote sensing images for ore-bearing granitic pegmatite veins in known deposits within the Ke’eryin ore concentration area, this study performed laboratory interpretation and partial field verification of these veins, revealing the distribution patterns and characteristics of granitic pegmatite veins in the area. Rare metal deposits hosted by granitic pegmatite veins intruded into weak structures such as fault zones and surrounding rock fractures within a range of 0 km to 5 km on the margin of the Ke’eryin complex rock mass. The exposed granitic pegmatite veins and boulders were identified as the most direct indicators for locating rare metal deposits. A prospecting method based on remote sensing geology was developed for highly vegetation-covered areas in the Ke’eryin ore concentration area, effectively addressing the limitations of traditional geological prospecting methods. Using the developed method, this study determined three critical prospecting areas in the northern and northwestern portions of the Ke’eryin complex rock mass, establishing them as the targets for subsequent strategic prospecting breakthroughs.

       

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