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    基于Transformer和小波变换卷积的SAR影像无监督变化检测方法

    An unsupervised change detection method for synthetic aperture radar images based on Transformer and wavelet transform convolution

    • 摘要: 无监督变化检测是合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)影像信息提取中的研究热点,近年来受到广泛关注。尽管已有研究在该领域取得一定进展,但现有方法大多仅关注空间域特征的利用,在空间-频率双域特征融合利用方面的探索研究较少。因此, 文章设计了一种基于Transformer和小波变换卷积的UNet变化检测模型,通过联合对数比值法和模糊C均值法获取伪标签,实现SAR影像变化信息的无监督提取。该模型的编码部分包含2个分支,空间域分支利用Transformer提取空间域全局特征,并与卷积网络提取的空间域局部特征相融合; 频率域分支利用小波变换卷积提取多尺度频率域特征,增强模型对承载影像主体信息的低频分量和承载边界细节的高频分量的响应能力。在解码器部分实现多尺度跨域互补信息在UNet架构中的有机融合,并在2个数据集上进行实验来验证所提方法的有效性。结果表明: 与对比方法中最好的变化检测结果相比,该文方法在2个数据集上的F1分数分别提高了0.030和0.017,Kappa系数分别提高了0.032和0.018,有效提高了变化检测结果的可靠性。

       

      Abstract: Unsupervised change detection represents a hot research topic in information extraction from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, having attracted wide attention in recent years. Although existing studies have made certain advances in this field, available methods for unsupervised change detection primarily focus on the utilization of spatial-domain features, leading to limited explorations into the fusion of spatial-frequency dual-domain features. In this context, this study designed a UNet model for change detection based on Transformer and wavelet transform convolution. Using pseudo-labels obtained by combining log-ratio operation with fuzzy C-means clustering, the UNet model enables the unsupervised information extraction of changes from SAR images. The encoder of the model consists of two branches: spatial- and frequency-domain branches. Among these, the spatial- domain branch extracts global spatial features using Transformer and fuses them with local spatial features extracted using the convolutional network. The frequency-domain branch extracts multi-scale frequency-domain features using wavelet transform convolution, enhancing the model's responses to both low-frequency components carrying the main information of images and high-frequency components carrying boundary details. Finally, the decoder facilitates the organic fusion of multi-scale cross-domain complementary information within the UNet architecture. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified using experiments on two datasets. The results indicate that, compared to the most accurate change detection results derived using the comparative methods, the detection results determined using the proposed method showed increases of 0.030 and 0.017 in the F1 score and increases of 0.032 and 0.018 in the Kappa coefficient on the two datasets. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively enhance the reliability of change detection results.

       

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