Abstract: In mining areas, coal fires cause resource waste and environmental damage. By integrating multi-source remote sensing with ground validation, this study aims to explore the coupling relationship between surface deformation characteristics and thermal anomalies in the fire zones of the Wugong coal mine, Fukang City, Xinjiang. Based on the collected ASTER thermal infrared data and Sentinel-1 radar image data from 2015 to 2024, this study determined surface temperatures through inversion using the split-window algorithm. Using the small baseline subset - interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique, the land subsidence data were acquired. Furthermore, this study performed remote sensing image interpretation by combining high-resolution optical images and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) thermal infrared data, followed by field verification. The results indicate that in the temporal dimension, surface thermal anomalies typically lag behind regional land subsidence. In the spatial dimension, surface thermal anomalies or land subsidence alone exhibit limitations, failing to fully reflect the actual presence and precise location of subsurface coal fires. This necessitates combining both to build a collaborative identification model to enhance the identification accuracy and reliability of coal fire zones. A positive- feedback coupling relationship is identified between the thermal anomalies resulting from the spontaneous combustion of coal seams and regional land subsidence, presenting an evolutionary process consisting of combustion, thermal damage, fracture propagation, enhanced oxygen supply, and intensified combustion. This study presents an analysis of four types of land subsidence in the fire zones based on the causes of land subsidence. Furthermore, it explores the coupling relationship between thermal anomalies induced by the spontaneous combustion of coal seams and land subsidence. The results of this study can provide robust technical support for delineation of fire zones, as well as hazard assessment and control engineering.