The unmanned aerial vehicles remote sensing data compression and decompression system (UAVRSDCDS) is a key component of the UAV aerial remote sensing data transfer system. Based on the design of the data transfer, this paper puts forward three aerial remote sensing data transfer and compression schemes. The principle and implementation of data compression are described, and the key techniques in the development of the embedded remote sensing data compression system are studied. The remote sensing image compression system was achieved through four key steps, i.e., automatic segmentation, DCT, quantification and Huffman coding. The compression system was realized and optimized in both hardware and software based on characteristics of DSP. The aerial remote sensing data compression system performed well in the flying experiment, and the compression ratio of remote sensing image could reach 1︰13. The flying experiment proved the correction and robustness of the system.