A study on the changes in coastal tidal flats in the Laizhou Bay based on MSIC and OTSU
LI Yi1,2(), CHENG Lina2,3(), LU Yingying2,4, ZHANG Bochun1,2, YU Sen1,2, JIA Mingming2
1. School of Surveying, Mapping and Exploration Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China 2. Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China 3. College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China 4. Changchun New District Beihu Yingcai School, Changchun 130000, China
Coastal tidal flats, as a major type of coastal wetlands, have significant ecological value in maintaining biodiversity and influencing global climate and environmental change. Since they are only exposed in their entirety at the lowest tide, the previous remote sensing interpretation results showed significant omissions and misclassifications of the tidal flats. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and the Landsat series satellite data, this study constructed high-quality dense time series image stacks for four time periods, i.e., 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Then, these image stacks were combined with the maximum spectral index composite (MSIC) algorithm and the Otsu algorithm (OTSU) for rapid and automatic extraction of coastal tidal flats resources in Laizhou Bay of China. Furthermore, the land cover around the coastal tidal flats was delineated based on the object-oriented analysis technology and the fuzzy-based segmentation parameter (FbSP) optimal scale. Finally, the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of the coastal tidal flats were analyzed. The results are shown as follows. During 1990—2020, the coastal tidal flats in Laizhou Bay gradually decreased, with an area of 822.38 km2 in 2020, a reduction of about 40% compared with that in 1990. The largest reduction was 304.78 km2 during 2000—2010. The coastal tidal flats near the Yellow River estuary showed a seaward migration, while the coast tidal flat patches in other regions of Laizhou Bay showed a landward migration. Human activities were the dominant factors in the changes in tidal flats in Laizhou Bay in the past 30 years. Among them, the expansion of aquaculture ponds/salt fields directly encroached on 414.20 km2 of coastal tidal flats.
李毅, 程丽娜, 鲁莹莹, 张博淳, 于森, 贾明明. 基于最大值合成和最大类间方差法莱州湾滨海滩涂变化研究[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2022, 34(4): 68-75.
LI Yi, CHENG Lina, LU Yingying, ZHANG Bochun, YU Sen, JIA Mingming. A study on the changes in coastal tidal flats in the Laizhou Bay based on MSIC and OTSU. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2022, 34(4): 68-75.
Cheng L N, Zhong C R, Li X Y, et al. Rapid and automatic classification of intertidal wetlands based on intensive time series Sentinel-2 images and Google Earth Engine[J]. National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 2022, 26(2):348-357.
Cui B S, Xie T, Wang Q, et al. Impact of large-scale reclamation on coastal wetlands and implications for ecological restoration,compensation,and sustainable exploitation framework[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017, 32(4):418-425.
Zhang C K, Chen X D. Advances in development,utilization,and protection of coastal tidal flats[J]. Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences), 2016, 44(1):25-33.
[7]
Murray N J, Phinn S R, DeWitt M, et al. The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats[J]. Nature, 2019, 565(7738):222-225.
doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8
[8]
Murray N J, Stuarrt R P, Robert S C, et al. Continental scale mapping of tidal flats across east Asia using the Landsat archive[J]. Remote Sensing, 2012, 4(11),3417-3426.
doi: 10.3390/rs4113417
[9]
Wang X X, Xiao X G, Zou Z H, et al. Tracking annual changes of coastal tidal flats in China during 1986—2016 through analyses of Landsat images with Google Earth Engine[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2020, 238:110987.
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2018.11.030
[10]
Jia M M, Wang Z M, Mao D H, et al. Rapid,robust,and automated mapping of tidal flats in China using time series Sentinel-2 images and Google Earth Engine[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2021, 255:112285.
doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112285
Zhi C, Wu W T, Su H. Mapping the intertidal wetlands of Fujian Province based on tidal dynamics and vegetational phonology[J]. National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 2020, 26(2):373-385.
[12]
Zhao C P, Qin C Q, Teng J K. Mapping large-area tidal flats without the dependence on tidal elevations:A case study of southern China[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2020, 159:256-270.
doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.11.022
Li Z, Huang H J. Land use and land cover change of the coastal zone around Jiaozhou Bay[J]. Remote Sensing for Land and Resources, 2010, 22(4):71-76.doi:10.6046/gtzyyg.2010.04.16.
doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2010.04.16
Zhang K Y. Remote sensing mapping and evolution analysis of coastal tidal flats based on time series image analysis on Google Earth Engine platform[M]. Shenzhen: Shenzhen University, 2019.
[15]
Otsu N. A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms[J]. IEEE Transactions on System Man and Cybernetics, 1979, 9(1):62-66.
doi: 10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076
Chen Y H, Feng T, Shi P J, et al. Classification of remote sensing image based on object oriented and class rules[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2006, 31(4):316-320.
[17]
Volker W. Object-based classification of remote sensing data for change detection[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2004, 58(3-4):225-238.
doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2003.09.007
Jia M M, Wang Z M, Mao D H, et al. Spatial-temporal changes of China’s mangrove forests over the past 50 years:An analysis towards the sustainable development goals(SDGs)[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2021, 66(30):3886-3901.
Wang Y, Mu X J, Xu C F. Preliminary study on marine ecological environment and pollution prevention in Laizhou Bay[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2021, 40(6):823-831,837.
Cheng Y J, Gao J. Analysis of hydrological charteristics and changes in scour and silting in the Laizhou Bay area[J]. Coastal Engineering, 2006, 25(3):1-6.
doi: 10.1016/0378-3839(94)00040-5
Shandong Provincial Bureau of Statistics. Bulletin of the seventh national census of Shandong Province (No.2)[EB/OL].(2020-5-21)[2022-4-20]. http://tjj.shandong.gov.cn/art/2021/5/21/art_6293_10287511.html.
Huang H, Chen J H, Hu Z N. Analysis on the characteristics of changeable intertidal zones along Guangxi coast in the late of 50 years[J]. Marine Sciences, 2007, 31(1):37-42.
Wu S S. Analysis on landscape pattern change and ecological environmental vulnerability assessment of the Southern coastal wetland of Laizhou bay[D]. Jinan: Shandong Normal University, 2009.
Yao Y C, Ren C Y, Wang Z M, et al. Monitoring of salt ponds and aquaculture ponds in the coastal zone of China in 1985 and 2010[J]. Wetland Science, 2016, 14(6):874-882.