1986—2023年间神东矿区煤炭开采活动下植被覆盖遥感监测与时空变化分析

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2024040

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摘要神东矿区是我国重要的煤炭生产区之一,在大规模煤炭开采和气候条件改善的共同影响下,矿区内植被受到煤炭开采负作用和气候改善及生态修复正作用2类影响。利用遥感手段开展矿区长时序植被覆盖定量监测与评价,对当地生态环境质量管理和生态保护具有十分重要的意义。该文基于Landsat卫星影像数据,从矿区植被年际变化、变化趋势、稳定性和未来变化4个维度,对神东矿区1986—2023年近40 a的归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)进行长时序监测,并以煤炭大规模开采时间(2008年)为界,进行分段定量分析。结果表明: ①近40 a来气候的改善促进了神东矿区的植被生长,煤炭大规模开采虽然对地表植被造成了一定程度的负影响,但更适宜的气候条件与矿区生态修复工作促进了植被覆盖继续向好甚至部分区域恢复速率更高; ②矿区植被在不同阶段内都以改善为主,植被改善区域的面积占比均超过80%,大规模的煤炭开采对地表植被造成的损毁程度有限,且这种损毁主要发生于露天矿区,井工矿区的植被修复工程能够有效保障区域内的植被生长环境; ③矿区植被在不同阶段均较为稳定,在煤炭大规模开采阶段,波动较大的区域集中分布于露天矿区的采场及排土场内,井工矿区内除工矿建设用地外整体仍较为稳定; ④从未来变化趋势角度来看,神东矿区维持现有状态的能力较脆弱,受大规模采矿活动影响,有3.92%的区域表现为持续退化,这些区域主要分布于露天矿采场区域,说明该区域亟须开展人工生态修复。该文研究成果为神东矿区生态质量环境监管提供了可靠的数据参考,有助于更科学和高效地建立生态环境综合防治体系。

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	王义
	张艺藂
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	许联航
	郭俊廷
	王慧
	李军
	杜守航

关键词 ：神东矿区, 植被损毁及恢复, 长时序监测, 时空变化分析

Abstract：

The Shendong mining area is a significant coal-producing area in China. Against the backdrop of climatic amelioration and large-scale coal mining, vegetation in the Shendong mining area has been influenced negatively by coal mining and positively by climatic amelioration and ecological restoration. Long time-series quantitative monitoring and assessment of vegetation cover in the mining area using remote sensing techniques play a significant role in local ecological quality management and ecological conservation. Based on Landsat satellite imagery data, this study conducted a long time-series monitoring of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the Shendong mining area over a nearly 40-year period from 1986 to 2023. This monitoring focused on the interannual variations, variation trends, stability, and future variations of vegetation cover in the mining area. Moreover, this study performed a segmented quantitative analysis, taking 2008 (the onset of large-scale coal mining) as a demarcation point. The results indicate that climatic amelioration over the past nearly four decades has facilitated vegetation growth in the Shendong mining area. Despite the negative impacts of large-scale coal mining on surface vegetation, more favorable climatic conditions and ecological restoration efforts in the mining area have ensured a continuous improvement in vegetation cover, with a higher restoration rate observed locally. The Shendong mining area was characterized by improved vegetation cover across different stages,with the improved area exceeding 80 %. Large-scale coal mining caused limited vegetation deterioration, predominantly occurring in the open-pit mining area. In contrast, the vegetation restoration project in the underground mining area effectively ensured a favorable environment for vegetation growth. The vegetation cover in the Shendong mining area remained relatively stable at different stages. During large-scale coal mining, significant vegetation cover fluctuations occurred primarily in the stopes and waste dumps of the open-pit mining area. The underground mining area exhibited relatively stable vegetation cover overall, except for the land used for industrial and mining construction. Concerning future variations of vegetation cover, the Shendong mining area exhibited a relatively limited capability to maintain its current state. Due to large-scale mining activities, 3.92 % of the area underwent continuous degradation, which was primarily observed in the stopes of the open-pit mining area. This highlighted the urgent need for artificial ecological restoration in the stopes. The results of this study provide a reliable data reference for the supervision of ecological quality in the Shendong mining area, facilitating the more scientific and efficient establishment of a comprehensive ecological prevention and control system.

Key words： Shendong mining area vegetation deterioration and restoration long time-series monitoring spatiotemporal variation analysis

收稿日期: 2024-01-23 出版日期: 2025-07-01

ZTFLH:

TP79

基金资助:煤炭开采水资源保护与利用全国重点实验室开放基金“神东矿区高强度开采下‘地表变形-植被扰动’时空演化规律研究”(WPUKFJJ2022-14);“基于定量遥感分析的神东矿区生态累积效应研究”(GJNY-20-113-14);国家自然科学基金“露天煤矿区植被扰动过程遥感提取方法与全国分区时空规律挖掘”(42371347);中央高校基本科研业务费项目“全国露天煤矿区植被扰动时空格局及其对植被固碳量的量化影响”(2023ZKPYDC10)

通讯作者: 李军(1987-),男,博士,教授,主要从事矿区生态环境遥感监测与分析研究。Email: junli@cumtb.edu.cn。

作者简介: 王义(1969-),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事煤矿区生态系统保护与修复研究。 Email: 10031299@shenhua.cc。

引用本文:

王义, 张艺藂, 程洋, 许联航, 郭俊廷, 王慧, 李军, 杜守航. 1986—2023年间神东矿区煤炭开采活动下植被覆盖遥感监测与时空变化分析[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2025, 37(3): 65-75.
WANG Yi, ZHANG Yicong, CHENG Yang, XU Lianhang, GUO Junting, WANG Hui, LI Jun, DU Shouhang. Remote sensing monitoring and spatiotemporal variation analysis of vegetation cover under coal mining activities in the Shendong mining area from 1986 to 2023. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(3): 65-75.

链接本文:

https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2024040 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2025/V37/I3/65

Fig.1 研究区地理位置示意图

Tab.1 显著性检验结果分级标准

Fig.2 1986—2023年NDVI均值年际变化

Fig.3 1986—2007年植被变化趋势空间分布

Fig.4 2008—2023年植被变化趋势空间分布

Fig.5 2023年相比大规模煤炭开采前植被变化的空间分布

Fig.6 1986—2007年植被稳定性空间分布

Fig.7 2008—2023年植被稳定性空间分布

Fig.8 植被覆盖未来变化趋势

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