This paper has described the quantitative relationship between reflectance of water and its soil content. The soils are of several main kinds collected along the Yanhe River. With hyperspectral remote sensing technology, it seems possible to detect soil content in moving water and sea water. It is detected that the content of all sorts of soils in water and the water reflectance have a good line regression relationship in the ranges of 1550-1850 nm and 1350-1380 nm. Tests also show that the water reflectance between 368 nm and 831 nm can effectively demonstrate the water depth. Based on field survey and sample analysis, it is held that, instead of having a close relationship with the original reflectance of a signal band, the pollution content of water is related to the reflectance ratio of two certain bands, which might be determined by the characteristics of the pollutant and the degree of water pollution. With the Luhe River in Jingbian County as an example, this paper has studied the possibility of using hyperspectral remote sensing to detect the degree of pollution. The water spectra can not only reflect the relative pollution degree but also determine the type of water pollution.