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Recent progress in the study of heavy metal bioavailability in soil |
ZHOU Guo-Hua |
Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Langfang 065000, China |
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Abstract The contamination of heavy metals in soil constitutes a serious environmental risk. This paper discusses the concept of bioavailability/accessibility of heavy metals and the affecting factors, presents the progress in the study of experimental methods of selective extraction, and indicates the data application and research direction. The speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil depend on elemental geochemical behavior, source of contaminants, physico-chemical condition of soil, rhizosphere enhancement and some other factors. Single and sequential selective extraction is the effective and operational methods to reflect the speciation and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. As hand-to-mouth activity is the important pathway for soil Pb exposure to children, in vitro digestion methods have been developed to evaluate the bioaccessibility of heavy metals. Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of soil contaminants seem to be the key parameters for risk assessment. The results of selective extraction also provide the basis for contaminated soil remediation.
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Received: 04 March 2014
Published: 10 December 2014
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