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The determination of radioactivity concentrations in soil samples and dose assessment in parts of Guangdong Province |
Jian-Zhou YANG1,2, Jing-Jing GONG1,2, Shi-Xin TANG1,2, Shu-Qi HU1,2 |
1. Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang 065000, China 2. Key Laboratory for Geochemical Exploration Technology, MNR, Langfang 065000, China |
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Abstract One of the main problems in the ecological researches is natural environmental radioactivity. In this study, the activity concentrations of naturally formed 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 40K radionuclides were measured for various types of soil samples collected from Guangdong Province. Samples in 49 siteswere selected within the study area. The concentration of radionuclides of 238U is in the range from 17.9 to 209.1 Bq/kg, with the average value being 84.3 Bq/kg; that of 232Th varies from 10.6 to 263.8 Bq/kg, with average value being 103.0 Bq/kg;that of 226Ra varies from 12.0 to 206.0 Bq/kg, with average value being 77.7 Bq/kg; and that of 40K varies from 15.3 to 1557.6 Bq/kg, with average value being 463.3 Bq/kg. The gamma absorbed dose rates in air is in the range of 27.2~265.9 nGy/h, with an arithmetic mean of 126.8 nGy/h, while the annual effective dose rates (AEDR) are in the range of 33.3 to 326.1 μSv/y, with an arithmetic mean of 155.5 μSv/y. The calculated values of radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and external hazard index (Hex) for the soil samples in the study area is 260.7 (33.5~619.0) Bq/kg and 1.2(0.15~2.8), respectively. Sample sitesare assigned to regional bedrock, geomorphic landscape and soil type, respectively, resulting in three categorical variables. Random forest regression and correlation analysis show that the bedrock influences the levels of natural radioactivity in soils most seriously, followed by the soil type and then by the geomorphic landscape. The activities determined in Guangdong Province are generally higher than the average values of China and the values abroad, but are lower than the safe range of radioactive level.
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Received: 20 May 2019
Published: 22 April 2020
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核素 | 能量/keV | 发射几率 | 本底计数率/s-1 | 探测效率/(cps/Bq) | 最小可探测活度/(Bq/kg) | 238U | 63.3 | 0.038 | 0.1045 | 0.0250 | 15.1 | 226Ra | 351.9 | 0.389 | 0.0485 | 0.0217 | 1.3 | 232Th | 911.1 | 0.277 | 0.0175 | 0.0129 | 1.9 | 40K | 1460.8 | 0.107 | 0.0339 | 0.0102 | 8.6 |
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Experimental parameters of HPGe γ-spectrometer
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Map of sample sites,geomorphic landscape and bedrock distribution in Guangdong (Fig. modificated from reference[20])
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测试地点 | 238U含量/(Bq/kg) | 232Th含量/(Bq/kg) | 226Ra含量/(Bq/kg) | 40K含量/(Bq/kg) | 样品数 | 范围 | 均值±标准差 | 范围 | 均值±标准差 | 范围 | 均值±标准差 | 范围 | 均值±标准差 | 广东(本次) | 49 | 17.9~209.1 | 84.3±52.9 | 10.6~263.8 | 103.0±67.5 | 12.0~206.0 | 77.7±52.4 | 15.3~1557.6 | 463.3±389.5 | 广东 | 144 | 12.4~186.8 | 71.2 | 1.0~152.7 | 57.2 | 2.4~134.6 | 50.8 | 35.8~1131.5 | 414.5 | 福建 | 143 | 13.9~136.0 | 55.2 | 19.5~260.0 | 96.3 | 18.0~201.0 | 62.0 | 24.0~627.0 | 609 | 格鲁吉亚M.区 | 22 | 14.9~59.1 | 25.4 | 17.6~54.9 | 26.9 | | | 243~784 | 464 | Rize省(土耳其) | 24 | 7.4~79.8 | 24.5 | 9.5~170.8 | 51.8 | 59.4~168.0 | 94.9 | 35.7~913.8 | 344.9 | 中国 | 7759 | 1.8~520.0 | 38.5 | 1.0~437.8 | 54.6 | 2.4~425.8 | 37.6 | 11.5~2185.2 | 584.0 | 世界 | | | 33 | | 45 | | 32 | | 412 |
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The major activity concentration of soil samples
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The variable importance of regional bedrock, soil type and geomorphic landscape
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Boxplots for 238U,232Th,226Ra and 40K(Bq/kg) in samples of bedrock, geomorphic landscape and soil type, respectively
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测试地点 | γ辐射剂量率计算值/(nGy/h) | γ辐射剂量率测量值/(nGy/h) | 范围 | 均值±标准差 | 范围 | 均值±标准差 | 广东本次试验 | 18.1~271.3 | 120.5±72.5 | 27.2~265.9 | 126.8±56.4 | 广东 | | | 17.7~193.1 | 84.8±28.5 | 长江口沉积物 | 42.4~87.9 | 66.7±11.1 | | | 全国 | 12.7~1300 | 69.9±36.0 | 11.6~523.0 | 81.5±35.2 | 土耳其Rize省 | 10.7~156.4 | 56.9±36.8 | | |
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The calculated and measured results of γ radiation absorbed dose rate of soil samples
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测试地点 | Raeq/(Bq/kg) | Hex | AEDR/(μSv/a) | 范围 | 均值±标准差 | 范围 | 均值±标准差 | 范围 | 均值±标准差 | 本次试验 | 33.5~619.0 | 260.7±160.9 | 0.15~2.8 | 1.2±0.7 | 33.3~326.1 | 155.5±69.2 | 长江口沉积物 | 88.5~194.0 | 141.1±24.4 | 0.25~0.55 | 0.39±0.07 | 52.0~107.8 | 81.83±13.7 | 格鲁吉亚M.区 | 59.4~168.0 | 94.9±94.9 | | | 36.0~104.0 | 36±58.2 | 土耳其Rize省 | 23.8~347.4 | 125±82.1 | 0.06~0.94 | 0.34±0.22 | 13.1~191.8 | 69.8±45.1 |
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Radiation hazard parameters of soil samples
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Contrast of calculated and measured results of γ radiation absorbed dose rate of soil samples
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