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Sedimentary record and sources analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in eastern Beidagang Wetland |
MA Han-Yu( ), SHEN Yue-Fang, YANG Yao-Dong |
Tianjin Geological and Mineral Resources Testing Center,Tianjin 300191, China |
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Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a sediment core collected from eastern Beidagang Wetland were determined by GC/MS. The ∑PAHs concentration ranges from 18.1×10 -9 to 821×10-9 in the whole sediment core. In the upper core, PAHs are mainly composed of 5~6 rings which are high molecular weight components, while in the middle and lower core PAHs are mainly composed of 2~3 rings of components. Since the 1950s, PAHs content in Beidagang Wetland has increased significantly. The peak appeared from mid 1950s to mid 1960s,earlier than that in most parts of China. PAHs content has been increasing again since the 1980s. According to composition and industrial development, the sources of PAHs in different periods were analyzed. Before the 1950s, PAHs mainly came from long-distance transportation and low-temperature combustion of wood. After 1950s, PAHs mainly came from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels around the wetland. PAHs pollution in Beidagang Wetland has been obviously affected by production activities since the 1950s, the main source of PAHs was incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, while the impact of exploitation leakage in Dagang Oilfield was not significant.
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Received: 28 November 2019
Published: 26 October 2020
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Sampling sites for sediment core
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PAH | 检出限/10-9 | 选择离子 | 空白加标回收/% | 平行偏差/% | 萘 Nap | 0.50 | 128、127、129 | 79.9 | 22.2 | 苊 Ace | 0.50 | 154、153、152 | 79.7 | 10.6 | 苊烯 Acy | 0.50 | 152、151、153 | 79.4 | 17.3 | 芴 Flu | 0.50 | 166、165、167 | 78.3 | 8.86 | 菲 Phe | 0.50 | 178、179、176 | 78.3 | 3.42 | 蒽 Ant | 0.50 | 178、179、176 | 80.3 | 5.83 | 荧蒽 Flua | 0.50 | 202、200、203、101、100 | 81.5 | 0.848 | 芘 Pyr | 0.50 | 202、200、203、101、100 | 79.5 | 5.49 | 苯并(a)蒽 BaA | 0.50 | 228、226、229、114、113 | 78.3 | — | ? Chry | 0.50 | 228、226、229、114、113 | 76.4 | 8.23 | 苯并(b)荧蒽 BbF | 0.50 | 252、253、250、251 | 81.6 | 1.44 | 苯并(k)荧蒽 BkF | 0.50 | 252、253、250、251 | 84.2 | 2.45 | 苯并(a)芘 BaP | 1.00 | 252、253、250、251 | 83.3 | 2.17 | 茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘 INP | 1.00 | 276、277、275、274 | 77.3 | 0.932 | 二苯并(a,h)蒽 DahA | 1.00 | 278、276、279、138 | 82.4 | — | 苯并(ghi)苝 BgP | 1.00 | 276、275、274、138 | 82.6 | 2.75 |
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Information of analysis conditions and quality control for PAHs
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PAH名称 | 浓度范围/10-9 | 平均值/10-9 | 中位值/10-9 | 变异系数 | 萘 Nap | nd~16.3 | 7.73 | 7.72 | 0.629 | 苊 Ace | nd~4.42 | 1.39 | 0.96 | 0.657 | 苊烯 Acy | nd~9.81 | 2.66 | 1.25 | 0.970 | 芴 Flu | 2.81~44.0 | 13.1 | 6.12 | 1.06 | 菲 Phe | 7.98~81.4 | 35.1 | 36.3 | 0.538 | 蒽 Ant | nd~7.43 | 2.79 | 2.81 | 0.728 | 荧蒽 Flua | nd~56.9 | 20.8 | 23.7 | 0.548 | 芘 Pyr | nd~45.2 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 0.687 | 苯并(a)蒽 BaA | nd~42.2 | 10.1 | 0.50 | 0.477 | ? Chry | nd~99.2 | 32.5 | 15.0 | 1.02 | 苯并(b)荧蒽 BbF | nd~69.1 | 19.9 | 5.46 | 0.648 | 苯并(k)荧蒽 BkF | 2.12~91.1 | 26.6 | 7.92 | 1.17 | 苯并(a)芘 BaP | 1.25~38.5 | 13.5 | 10.7 | 0.810 | 茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘 INP | nd~61.7 | 18.5 | 4.75 | 1.01 | 二苯并(a,h)蒽 DahA | nd~67.1 | 17.6 | 1.00 | 0.478 | 苯并(ghi)苝 BgP | nd~176 | 47.3 | 9.99 | 1.05 | ∑2~3环 | 12.5~148 | 62.3 | 60.2 | 0.639 | ∑4环 | 2.25~244 | 79.3 | 55.2 | 1.04 | ∑5~6环 | 3.37~504 | 142 | 41.8 | 1.26 | ∑PAHs | 18.1~821 | 284 | 198 | 0.954 |
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Concentations of 16 PAHs in the sediment core from eastern Beidagang Wetland
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Vertical profile of PAHs in sediment core
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Characteristics of PAHs composition in sediment core at different periods
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研究地区 | PAHs含量/10-9 | 峰值时段 | 资料来源 | 北大港湿地东部 | 18.1~821 | 20世纪50年代中期至60年代中期 | 本研究 | Cumbria(UK) | — | 1970年左右 | [4] | Michigan Inland Lakes(USA) | — | 20世纪80年代 | [5] | Mountain Lakes(Europe) | — | 1960~1980 | [6] | Northwest Scotland(UK) | 1719(最大值) | 1920~1934 | [7] | Northwestern Mediterranean | — | 1920~1940;1975~1990 | [8] | Osaka(Japan) | 4200~26000 | 1945~1958 | [9] | Rhode Island(USA) | — | 1950~1960 | [10] | Tokyo Bay(Japan) | 38~2000 | 20世纪80年代 | [11] | 渤海湾 | 34.2~202 | 1980年以后 | [12] | 博斯腾湖 | 37.5~184.5 | 1990年以后 | [13] | 长江口 | 25.44~567.35 | 1990年以后 | [14] | 红枫湖 | 848~3725 | 1996年 | [15] | 伶仃洋西岸 | 59~330 | 1990年以后 | [16] | 青海湖 | 496~1172 | 2000年以后 | [17] | 澳门近海 | 600~4500 | 20世纪60年代 | [23] | 安达曼海(马来西亚) | 13.2~60.1 | 20世纪60年代;20世纪80年代 | [24] | 若尔盖草原 | 36.2~408 | 20世纪60年代 | [25] |
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Comparison of sedimentary record of PAHs across different areas
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PAHs cross-correlations for the ratios of sediment core
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