山东省某典型工业城镇土壤重金属污染特征及风险评估

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.1275

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Abstract

To investigate the contamination, source, and ecological risk of soil heavy metals in a typical industrial town in Shandong Province, China, this study collected 499 topsoil samples from the study area from August to October 2022. The contents and spatial distributions of heavy metals like Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni in the samples were analyzed using classical statistics and spatial interpolation methods. The source apportionment of heavy metals in the study area was explored through the principal component analysis (PCA). The contamination levels of heavy metals in the study area were assessed using the contamination index method. The results indicate that the average contents of Hg, Cd, As, and Pb in soils all exceeded their background values in Yantai City, and high-value zones were observed for all eight elements, indicating various degrees of enrichment. The analysis of coefficients of variation reveals that except for Ni, other heavy metals were significantly influenced by human activities. The PCA suggests that Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cr originated primarily from industrial and traffic sources. As and Hg were predominantly derived from industrial, agricultural, and domestic sources, while Ni was primarily from natural soil parent materials. The analyses based on the single-factor contamination index, geoaccumulation index, and Nemerow contamination index show that apart from Hg and Cd, other soil heavy metals in the study area exhibited no or slight contamination overall, demonstrating that the study area was principally contaminated by Hg and Cd. The potential ecological risk assessment suggests that the overall heavy metal contamination posed a minor risk level. A few sites with relatively severe contamination were primarily located around the industrial area. The waste gas, wastewater, and industrial residue generated by industrial activities constituted the dominant factor influencing the enrichment of heavy metals in surrounding soils. Overall, soil heavy metal contamination in the study area was at a moderate to low level, with some metals, particularly Hg and Cd, severely exceeding standard levels, warranting attention. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of heavy metals in soils around the industrial area, and adopt scientific and reasonable measures to ensure sustainable soil utilization.

Key words： industrial town soil heavy metals contamination characteristics source apportionment risk assessment

Received: 21 June 2024 Published: 07 August 2025

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	Articles by authors
	Jiao ZENG
	Ling-Hao KONG
	Shu-Liang LIU
	Hong-Xian CHU
	Zheng-Peng ZHAO
	Kai-Li YANG
	Xu-Jun GUO
	Liang CHEN

Cite this article:

Jiao ZENG,Ling-Hao KONG,Shu-Liang LIU, et al. Contamination characteristics and risk assessment of soil heavy metals in a typical industrial town in Shandong Province, China[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(4): 954-964.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.1275 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I4/954

Study area and distribution of sampling sites

Methods and instruments for determination of heavy metals in soil

Toxic response coefficient of heavy metal elements

Standard for evaluation of heavy metals in soil

Statistical characteristics of heavy metal contents in soils

The spatial distribution of heavy metal elements in soils in the study area

Pearson correlation analysis of soil heavy metals

Principal component analysis of soil heavy metals

Components graph of heavy metal elements in rotated space

Single factor pollution assessment of heavy metal elements in soils

Evaluation of Nemerow comprehensive pollution Index

Pollution assessment by cumulative index method

Assessment of potential ecological risk of single heavy metal element

Assessment of potential ecological risk of heavy metal elements

The contribution of heavy metal RI

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