1.Key Laboratory for Satellite Mapping Technology and Application of State Administration of Surveying,Mapping and Geoinformation of China,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China 2. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China 3.Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China 4. China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources, Beijing 100083, China
Synthetic aperture Radar (SAR) is widely used in tropical rainforest and desert areas remote sensing geological survey by virtue of its all-day and all-weather earth observation capability and unique penetrating imaging characteristics. In this paper, the geological bodies microwave scattering mechanism which is the theoretical basis of the SAR geological application is expounded. This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign applications of SAR in geological archeology, mineral exploration, lithology and geological structure identification, reports the research progress of multi - source image fusion technology in Radar geology applications, and explains its important function in combination with practical project examples. Constrained by image characteristics, processing technology and data sources, the domestic SAR geological application remains at a very low level. With the development of hardware and software technology, the Radar remote sensing technology will become more and more important in domestic geological applications.
Wang R S, Xiong S Q, Nie H F , et al. Remote sensing technology and its application in geological exploration[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2011,85(11):1699-1743.
Li Z Z, Yang R H, Dang F X , et al. The hyperspectral remote sensing technology and its application[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2009,28(2/3):270-277.
Yan B K, Wang R S, Gan F P , et al. Progresses in minerals information extraction using thermal remote sensing[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2005,20(10):1116-1126.
Tan Q L, Shao Y, Fan X T . Geology application of Radar remote sensing technology and its development[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2002,17(5):269-275.
Tang P, Qiu Y B, Zhao Z F . The new progress of synthetic aperture Radar(SAR)in geological and disaster researching[J]. Journal of Yunnan University, 2012,34(s2):305-313.
[6]
郭华东 . 侧视雷达成象因素及其地质应用[J].国外地质勘探技术, 1981(1):16-22.
[6]
Guo H D . Imaging factors of side-view Radar and its geological application[J].Foreign Geoexploration Technology, 1981(1):16-22.
Tan Q L . Application of SAR remote sensing data to lithological identification and rock classification[J]. Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research, 2009,24(4):349-353.
Zhao F Y, Zhang R J, Yang Q H . Geological mapping method based on synthetic-aperture Radar image and its application[J]. Remote Sensing for Land and Resources, 2007,19(4):100-105.doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2007.04.22.
Sun Y J, Yang Q H, Zhao F Y , et al. Detect and recognition of the composing factor of Radar image information in shallow covered geological body and fault in arid area[J]. Xinjiang Geology, 2007,25(1):122-126.
Tan Q L, Shao Y . Geological application of Radar remote sensing technology and its development[J]. Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research, 2003,18(1):59-65.
Wang C Z, Guo H D . Lithological classification of polarimetric SAR data with target decomposition method[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2000,4(3):219-223.
Chen F L . Principle,application and prospects of synthetic aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing in archaeology[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2015,30(5):835-841.
Paillou P, Grandjean G, Baghdadi N , et al. Subsurface imaging in south-central Egypt using low-frequency radar:Bir Safsaf revisited[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2003,41(7):1672-1684.
doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2003.813275
url: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1221832/
[23]
Paillou P, Lopez S, Farr T , et al. Mapping subsurface geology in sahara using L-band SAR:First results from the ALOS/PALSAR imaging Radar[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2010,3(4):632-636.
doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2056915
url: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5549985/
Patruno J, Dore N, Crespi M , et al. Polarimetric multifrequency and multi-incidence SAR sensors analysis for archaeological purposes[J]. Archaeological Prospection, 2013,20(2):89-96.
doi: 10.1002/arp.1448
url: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/arp.v20.2
[26]
Dore N, Patruno J, Pottier E , et al. New research in polarimetric SAR technique for archaeological purposes using ALOS PALSAR data[J]. Archaeological Prospection, 2013,20(2):79-87.
doi: 10.1002/arp.1446
url: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/arp.v20.2
[27]
Freeman A, Hensley S, Moore E. Analysis of Radar images of Angkor,Cambodia [C]//Proceedings of International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Hamburg,Germany:IEEE, 1999,5:2572-2574.
[28]
Linck R, Busche T, Buckreuss S , et al. Possibilities of archaeological prospection by high-resolution X-band satellite Radar-a case study from Syria[J]. Archaeological Prospection, 2013,20(2):97-108.
doi: 10.1002/arp.1444
url: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/arp.v20.2
Guo H D . Spaceborne multifrequency,polarametric and interferometric Radar for detection of the targets on earth surface and subsurface[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 1997,1(1):32-39.
[30]
Lu X Q, Guo H D, Shao Y. Detection of the Great Wall using SIR-C data in North-Western China [C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing,Remote Sensing-A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development.Singapore:IEEE, 1997,1:50-52.
[31]
Guo H D, Liu H, Wang X Y , et al. Subsurface old drainage detection and paleoenvironment analysis using spaceborne Radar images in Alxa Plateau[J]. Science in China Series D(Earth Sciences), 2000,43(4):439-448.
doi: 10.1007/BF02959455
url: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02959455
Dierking W, Haack H. L-band polarimetric SAR-signatures of lava flows in the Northern Volcanic Zone,Iceland [C]//IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings.Seattle,WA,USA:IEEE, 1998,3:1339-1341.
[34]
Murino P, Ferri M, Castellano L, et al. Using SIR-C/X-SAR data in the analysis of volcanic and sedimentary areas.The Campania test site (Southern Italy) [C]//Proceedings of International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,Quantitative Remote Sensing for Science and Applications.Firenze,Italy:IEEE, 1995,2:1069-1071.
Dall J, Madsen S N, Brooks C K, et al. Geologic mapping in Greenland with polarimetric SAR [C]//Proceedings of International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,Quantitative Remote Sensing for Science and Applications.Firenze,Italy:IEEE, 1995,3:2206-2208.
Ni Z Y . Research on Lithological Classification Using SAR Image and Its Application on Geology[D].Beijing: China University of Geosciences(Beijing), 2012.
[38]
Lee T H, Moon W M. Lineament extraction from Landsat TM,JERS-1 SAR,and DEM for geological applications [C]//IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Toronto,Ontario,Canada:IEEE, 2002,6:3276-3278.
[39]
Kageyama Y, Nishida M, Oi T. Analysis of the segments extracted by automated lineament detection [C]//IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Honolulu,HI:IEEE, 2000,1:289-291.
[40]
Abdelsalam M G, Stern R J . Mapping Precambrian structures in the Sahara Desert with SIR-C/X-SAR Radar:The Neoproterozoic Keraf Suture,NE Sudan[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996,101(E10):23063-23076.
doi: 10.1029/96JE01391
url: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/96JE01391
[41]
Guo H D, Zhu L P, Shao Y , et al. Detection of structural and lithological features underneath a vegetation canopy using SIR-C/X-SAR data in Zhao Qing test site of southern China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996,101(E10):23101-23108.
doi: 10.1029/96JE01974
url: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/96JE01974
Chen C F, Shu N . The fusion approaches for SAR and TM images[J]. Remote Sensing for Land and Resources, 1999,11(4):53-57.doi: 10.6046/gtzyyg.1999.04.10.
[48]
Wever T, Frei M. Integration of SIR-C/X-SAR and Landsat TM data for geologic mapping and resource exploration [C]//International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future.Lincoln,NE,USA:IEEE, 1996,3:1833-1835.
[49]
颜蕊 . 沉积岩区雷达遥感成矿信息提取方法及应用研究[D]. 青岛:山东科技大学, 2006.
[49]
Yan R . Research about the Way of SAR Images for Metallogenic Information Extraction in Sedimentary Petrologic Area and Its Application[D]. Qingdao: Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2006.
[50]
Paradella W R, Bignelli P A, Veneziani P , et al. Airborne and spaceborne synthetic aperture Radar (SAR) integration with Landsat TM and gamma ray spectrometry for geological mapping in a tropical rainforest environment,the Carajás Mineral Province,Brazil[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1997,18(7):1483-1501.
doi: 10.1080/014311697218232
url: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/014311697218232
[51]
Teruiya R K, Paradella W R, Dos Santos A R ,et al.Integrating airborne SAR,Landsat TM and airborne geophysics data for improving geological mapping in the Amazon Region:The Cigano Granite,Carajás Province,Brazil[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2008,29(13):3957-3974.
doi: 10.1080/01431160801891838
url: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01431160801891838
Yang X H, Huang J, Tian L , et al. Major achievements and progress of remote sensing monitoring mines in Sichuan Province[J]. Geological Survey of China, 2016,3(5):41-47.