At present, most of the bands or spectral indices used in the high temperature target remote sensing recognition researches only involve qualitative analysis, with the lack of quantitative evaluation indicators and screening methods. In order to establish a universal band screening principle and screening method for judging indicators so as to achieve effective identification of high temperature targets, the authors, according to the idea of variance analysis, constructed a separability metric to screen characteristic bands between high temperature targets and various types of normal temperature objects respectively, determined some effective bands for high temperature targets identification, constructed identification indices with the spectral characteristics of the ground objects, and screened the optimal one. The result shows that the optimal spectral index determined by quantitative screening can effectively distinguish high temperature targets from most normal temperature objects. On such a basis, by using the other optimal identification index between high temperature targets and their confusing color steel objects to identify once again, the recognition accuracy could be improved further, and recognition accuracy of high temperature targets reached 95.4% and 97.6% , respectively.