半干旱井工矿区沉陷盆地的水汽效应研究

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2024118

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摘要近年来,西部半干旱区大规模地下开采所产生的正向效应得到越来越多关注,正确认识并科学利用矿山正效应资源,对节约矿山生态修复成本有重要意义。为揭示沉陷盆地对大气水汽的扰动特征进而产生正向效应,该文以神东矿区的大柳塔矿区为研究区,基于大气辐射传输模型模拟和地基全球定位系统(global positioning system,GPS)实时观测数据构建Sentinel-2卫星影像水汽反演模型,得到2017—2021年近地层大气水汽含量,常用大气可降水量(precipitable water vapor, PWV)表示,据此分析单一工作面沉陷盆地和工作面群沉陷区的近地层PWV分布特征,并通过现场布设HOBO温湿度传感器,对沉陷盆地内外贴地层相对湿度对比分析。结果表明,沉陷盆地对大气水汽存在正向汇聚效应,具体表现为: 单一工作面沉陷盆地近地PWV由盆地内到盆地外逐渐下降; 开采后工作面群沉陷区近地PWV相较于开采前有明显改善; 沉陷盆地内相对湿度明显高于盆地外,距地表由低到高相对湿度差依次为14.52,13.53,12.43,10.60和10.33百分点,表明在垂直方向上随着高度的增加,沉陷盆地水汽汇聚效应逐渐减弱; 沉陷盆地水汽汇聚效应日变化特点为夜间显著,白天不明显。结合植被调查情况与前人研究成果提出沉陷盆地水汽汇聚效应概念模型,解释矿区沉陷盆地汇聚水汽过程机理,沉陷盆地一定程度上有利于半干旱矿区生态系统的良性循环。

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	段雅婷
	雷少刚
	李园园
	朱国庆
	王亮

关键词 ：开采沉陷, 矿山环境正效应, 大气水汽含量, 工作面, 概念模型

Abstract：

The positive effects generated by large-scale underground mining in China's western semi-arid region have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Accurately understanding and scientifically utilizing these positive effects in mines plays a significant role in saving ecological restoration costs for mines. To reveal the perturbation characteristics of subsidence basins on precipitable water vapor (PWV), this study investigated the Daliuta mine in the Shendong mining area. Based on the simulation results of the atmospheric radiative transfer model and the ground-based GPS real-time observation data, this study constructed a water vapor inversion model using Sentinel-2 satellite images, obtaining the near-surface PWV content from 2017 to 2021 in the Daliuta mine. Furthermore, this study analyzed the near-surface PWV distributions in the single-mining-face subsidence basin and the mining-face-group subsidence area. By deploying HOBO temperature and humidity sensors on site, this study comparatively analyzed the near-surface relative humidity inside and outside the subsidence basin. The results indicate that subsidence basins showed positive convergence effects on PWV. Specifically, the near-surface PWV in the single-mining-face subsidence basin decreased gradually from the inside to the outside of the basin. The near-surface PWV in the mining-face-group subsidence area was significantly improved after mining. The relative humidity was significantly higher inside the subsidence basin compared to the outside. The differences in relative humidity in the vertical direction from the surface were 14.52, 13.53, 12.43, 10.60, and 10.33 percentege point, respectively, indicating gradually weakening water vapor convergence effects in the subsidence basin with an increase in elevation. The water vapor convergence effects were significant at nighttime but nonsignificant at daytime. Finally, based on vegetation surveys and previous studies, this study proposed a conceptual model for water vapor convergence effects in subsidence basins to explain the mechanism governing water vapor convergence. Additionally, subsidence basins somewhat contribute to the benign cycle of ecosystems in semi-arid mining areas.

Key words： mining subsidence positive environmental effect of a mine precipitable water vapor (PWV) content mining face conceptual model

收稿日期: 2024-04-07 出版日期: 2025-09-03

ZTFLH:

TP79

基金资助:国家自然科学基金重大项目课题“煤炭开采对生态环境损伤演变机理”(52394193)

作者简介: 段雅婷(1999-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事矿区生态修复研究。Email: Dyting@cumt.edu.cn。

引用本文:

段雅婷, 雷少刚, 李园园, 朱国庆, 王亮. 半干旱井工矿区沉陷盆地的水汽效应研究[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2025, 37(4): 131-139.
DUAN Yating, LEI Shaogang, LI Yuanyuan, ZHU Guoqing, WANG Liang. Positive convergence effects of subsidence basins on precipitable water vapor in semi-arid underground mining areas. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(4): 131-139.

链接本文:

https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2024118 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2025/V37/I4/131

Fig.1 研究区概况

Fig.2 PWV与大气透过率的关系

Fig.3 传感器布设地点与现场照片

Tab.1 沉陷盆地内外的植被生长情况

Fig.4 盆地内外草地生长状况对比

Fig.5 2017—2021年近地层PWV

Fig.6 单一工作面沉陷盆地PWV变化

Fig.7 工作面群沉陷区和非沉陷区开采前后PWV

Fig.8 沉陷盆地和平地相对湿度对比

Fig.9 沉陷盆地和平地相对湿度日变化

Fig.10 沉陷盆地水汽汇聚模型

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