基于多源遥感的洞庭湖洲滩时空演变研究

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2023298

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摘要为研究洞庭湖洲滩时空演变情况,基于20世纪30年代以来10多个时段的地形图和航天航空遥感数据,采用遥感解译、数据统计分析与历史对比方法,分析各时段洞庭湖洲滩面积时序变化,反演不同时段洲滩空间分布特征。结果表明: 洞庭湖洲滩的空间发育主要表现为东洞庭湖藕池河东支河口三角洲和漂尾洲快速推进,南洞庭湖北部草尾河、嵩竹河一线河流冲积,七里湖与目平湖因湖底抬升而呈现“江南草原”景观; 洞庭湖洲滩由1938年的1 622.17 km²扩大到2018年的1 962.28 km²,加上被围垦的高位洲滩980.96 km²,洲滩面积净增1 321.07 km²; 从空间分布特征来看,洲滩面积并非呈持续增加趋势,而是呈现波状起伏特征,1938—1948年和1958—1998年为洲滩明显扩张期,1948—1958年和1998—2018年为洲滩缓慢萎缩期。研究成果为保护湖岸生态系统和生物多样性、服务长江流域生态修复与环境保护提供了客观资料。

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关键词 ：洞庭湖区, 洲滩演变, 时序变化, 多源遥感技术

Abstract：

To explore the spatiotemporal evolution of the bottomland in Dongting Lake since the middle stage of the Republic of China, this study examined the historical topographic maps and aerospace remote sensing data concerning the study area for over 10 time periods since the 1930s. Based on remote sensing image interpretation, statistical data analysis, and historical comparison, this study analyzed the temporal variations in the bottomland area of Dongting Lake in various periods to infer the corresponding spatial distributions of the bottomland. The results show that the spatial development of the bottomland in Dongting Lake was primarily characterized by the rapidly advancing delta at the mouth of the east branch of the Ouchi River and Piaowei Islet in East Dongting Lake, the alluvial deposits along the Caowei and Songzhu rivers in the north of South Dongting Lake, and the “Jiangnan Grassland” landscape formed by the bottom uplift of Qili and Muping lakes. The bottomland area in Dongting Lake expanded from 1 622.17 km² in 1 938 to 1 962.28 km² in 2018, coupled with the 980.96 km² of reclaimed high bottomland, suggesting a net increase of 1 321.07 km². In terms of spatial distribution, the bottomland area exhibited an undulating trend rather than a continuous increase. It manifested a significant expansion from 1938 to 1948 and 1958 to 1998 but a slow shrinkage from 1948 to 1958 and 1998 to 2018. Overall, the results of this study provide objective data for preserving lakeshore ecosystems and biodiversity and serving ecological restoration and environmental conservation in the Yangtze River basin.

Key words： Dongting Lake area bottomland evolution temporal variation multisource remote sensing technology

收稿日期: 2023-09-24 出版日期: 2025-05-09

ZTFLH:

P237

基金资助:湖南省自科基金项目“近百年来洞庭湖洲滩湿地时空演替及其与水文环境耦合机理研究”(2024JJ8320);湖南省自然资源科技计划项目“洞庭湖区水生态安全及解决方案研究”(湘自资科 20230151ST);“‘洞庭湖区山水林田湖草沙一体化保护修复工程’监测评估关键技术研究”(湘自资科 20230142ST);湖南省科技创新平台与人才计划项目“洞庭湖区生态环境遥感监测湖南省重点实验室”(2019TP1012)

通讯作者: 邱罗(1983-),女,博士,副教授,主要从事资源环境遥感研究与应用。Email: 19572@hnie.edu.cn。

作者简介: 余姝辰(1990-),女,博士,高级工程师,主要从事水工环地质和国土空间生态遥感监测研究。Email: 22581400@qq.com。

引用本文:

余姝辰, 邱罗, 贺秋华, 金小燕, 李嘉宝, 余德清. 基于多源遥感的洞庭湖洲滩时空演变研究[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2025, 37(2): 228-234.
YU Shuchen, QIU Luo, HE Qiuhua, JIN Xiaoyan, LI Jiabao, YU Deqing. Exploring the spatiotemporal evolution of bottomland in Dongting Lake based on multisource remote sensing. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(2): 228-234.

链接本文:

https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2023298 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2025/V37/I2/228

Fig.1 洞庭湖地理位置与现代洲滩分布

Fig.2 1938年以来主要历史时段洲滩空间分布

Tab.1 1938年以来洞庭湖洲滩面积变化

Fig.3 1938年以来洲滩面积占比时序变化

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