一种综合DEM和遥感影像提取洪积扇的方法

doi:10.6046/gtzyyg.2020.02.18

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摘要

综合数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)和遥感影像数据,提出了一种通过确定洪积扇的扇顶点、扇前缘点和侧面边缘点来实现洪积扇提取的新方法。首先,基于水文分析确定洪积扇的扇顶点; 其次,根据洪积扇与冲积平原交界处有明显坡折的特点,基于DEM高程拟合确定扇前缘点; 然后,通过DEM高程拟合和遥感影像特征共同确定侧面边缘点。选取贺兰山东麓作为试验区对区域内的洪积扇进行提取,与目视解译的结果对比表明,提取的洪积扇形态更加客观和稳定,同时对植被覆盖和人类活动影响较大地区的洪积扇具有很好的提取效果,克服了目视解译的局限性。该方法对实现洪积扇的自动提取,进而进行其形态和沉积特征研究具有重要意义。

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	梁凯旋
	章桂芳
	张浩然

关键词 ：洪积扇, 扇前缘, 扇顶, 扇侧面边缘, DEM, 贺兰山

Abstract：

Based on DEM and remote sensing data, this paper proposes a new method for extracting alluvial fan by determining the fan apex point, leading edge points and side edge points. Firstly, the fan apex point is determined by hydrological analysis. Secondly, the fan leading edge points are determined by DEM elevation fitting curve according to the obvious slope break at the boundary of alluvial fan and alluvial plain. Finally, the side edge points are interpreted by DEM elevation fitting curve and remote sensing data. Taking the eastern foot of Helan Mountain as a study case, the authors detected that the alluvial fans extracted by the proposed method are more objective and stable than visual interpretation from available studies. Moreover, this method can extract the alluvial fan more effectively under the complex condition with vegetation coverage and human activities, which is difficult for visual interpretation. The method is significant for alluvial fan extraction and also for the research on landform and sedimentary characteristics of alluvial fan.

Key words： alluvial fan fan leading edge fan apex side edge DEM Helan Mountain

收稿日期: 2019-04-26 出版日期: 2020-06-18

TP751.1

基金资助:广州市科技计划项目“基于遥感的珠江河口悬浮泥沙时空动态特征研究”(201707010209);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目“丹霞地貌发育阶段的定量表征及因素分析”(2019A1515010733);高校基本科研业务费青年教师培育基金项目“基于高光谱的新疆天山地区油苗出露区光谱响应特征研究”(17lgpy49);国家自然科学基金项目“含油气盆地地表典型烃蚀变高光谱遥感响应机理研究”(41402297);“晋陕峡谷阶地分布的时空差异及其对黄河行程演化的反映”(41572178)

通讯作者: 章桂芳

作者简介: 梁凯旋(1997-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事遥感和第四纪地质研究工作。Email: 981001213@qq.com。

引用本文:

梁凯旋, 章桂芳, 张浩然. 一种综合DEM和遥感影像提取洪积扇的方法[J]. 国土资源遥感, 2020, 32(2): 138-145.
Kaixuan LIANG, Guifang ZHANG, Haoran ZHANG. A method for extracting alluvial fan based on DEM and remote sensing data. Remote Sensing for Land & Resources, 2020, 32(2): 138-145.

链接本文:

https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/gtzyyg.2020.02.18 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2020/V32/I2/138

Fig.1 山前洪积扇简图和高程纵剖面

Fig.2 技术路线

Fig.3 洪积扇扇顶点的提取

Fig.4 扇前缘点的提取

Fig.5 侧面边缘点的提取

Fig.6 扇顶点、扇前缘点和侧面边缘点的提取结果

Fig.7 洪积扇轮廓连接和平滑

Fig.8 试验区遥感影像和位置

Fig.9 贺兰山东麓提取结果
(Landsat 8 B4(R),B3(G),B2(B)合成影像)

Tab.1 本研究结果与前人目视解译结果对比

Fig.10 3种洪积扇提取结果对比

Fig.11 汝箕沟洪积扇的复杂条件

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