城镇化导致的栖息地环境恶化是生物多样性减少的重要原因。基于1995—2015年间Landsat TM/OLI影像、数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)、矢量边界、气候因子等数据,在ENVI,ArcGIS,MaxEnt等软件的支持下,构建了基于分类回归树(classification and regression tree,CART)算法获取规则的洞庭湖区影像解译体系,并采用网格分析、空间插值等方法,对城镇化与鸟类适宜生境时空分异特征及其相关性进行了研究。结果表明: 基于CART获取规则的决策树分类方法与普通影像分类方法相比较,精度有所提高。湖区建设用地总面积在20 a间共增加了808.61 km 2,高强度扩张区域由3市的市区中心逐渐向县级市蔓延,但整体扩张速率在2005年后逐渐降低。20 a以来,鸟类适宜生境面积减少了195.19 km 2,整体适宜程度下降,但随着湖区环境整治工作的开展,在2000年后,由南洞庭湖区域开始,整体情况逐步好转。面积变化量回归、空间范围比对结果表示,乡镇建设用地的快速无序扩张使得湖区鸟类栖息地的适宜程度降低; 为保护湖区鸟类生境,应对湖区生态用地进行严格保护,对乡镇建设用地扩张进行合理的空间规划与调控。
The deterioration of habitats caused by urbanization is an important reason for biodiversity loss. Based on Landsat TM/OLI images, DEM, digital maps and local climatic data from 1995 to 2015, the authors constructed the image interpretation system of Dongting Lake area, which was based on CART acquisition rules. According to the LUCC data obtained, the authors analyzed the spatio-temporal difference and correction of urbanization and avian habitat in Dongting Lake area, with the support of the software such as ENVI, ArcGIS, and MaxEnt. The results show that the classification method based on the CART algorithm for acquisition rule gained a higher precision than the ordinary classification method. The construction land in lake area increased by 808.61 km 2 in 20 years, the high-intensity expansion area was spread from the urban center to the county-level city, and the expansion rate gradually decreased after 2005. In the past 20 years, the suitable habitat area of waterfowls has decreased by 195.19 km 2, and the overall suitability of this area has been declined. However, the situation has gradually improved since 2000 with the government’s efforts to rectify the environment. The results of polynomial fitting and spatial comparison indicate that rapid and disorderly expansion of township construction land has reduced the suitability of avian habitats in lake area, and that, to protect avian habitats, people should take effective measures to protect the ecological land around there and rationally plan and control the expansion of construction land in towns and village areas.
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2020, Vol. 32 
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