基于主控要素的生态地质脆弱性评价——以四川省西昌市为例

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2021012

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为了给西昌市生态保护修复提供依据,对其生态地质脆弱性做出评价。在生态地质调查、综合研究的基础上,选取了10项影响西昌市生态地质脆弱性的主要因素,构建了评价指标体系; 在地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)的支持下,采用改进后的层次分析法,对西昌市开展了生态地质脆弱性评价。结果表明: 西昌市生态地质较为脆弱,虽然没有极脆弱区,但中度脆弱—高度脆弱达50.14%。不脆弱与轻度脆弱区主要集中于安宁河谷和邛海盆地,中度脆弱—高度脆弱区域主要集中在西昌市西部的牦牛山一带和东南部的螺髻山一带; 全市可划分为5个生态地质脆弱性分区,包括2个生态地质轻度脆弱区——安宁河谷生态地质轻度脆弱区(Ⅰ)和大箐生态地质轻度脆弱区(Ⅱ),1个生态地质中度脆弱区——巴汝—马鞍山生态地质中度脆弱区(Ⅲ),2个生态地质高度脆弱区——螺髻山西坡生态地质高度脆弱区(Ⅳ)和牦牛山生态地质高度脆弱区(Ⅴ)。对于不同的生态地质脆弱性分区,应实行不同的生态保护修复方案与开发建设措施。

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	张景华
	欧阳渊
	刘洪
	黄瀚霄
	张腾蛟
	李富
	李樋

关键词 ：生态地质, 脆弱性, 评价与分区, 西昌市

Abstract：

The eco-geological vulnerability assessment of Xichang City, Sichuan Province was performed in this study to provide bases for the ecological protection and restoration of the city. Firstly, an assessment indicator system was constructed, for which 10 major influencing factors of the eco-geological vulnerability in Xichang City were selected according to the eco-geological survey and comprehensive research. Then the eco-geological vulnerability assessment of Xichang City was conducted using the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the geographic information system (GIS). The results are as follows. Xichang City suffers from vulnerable eco-geology. The areas with moderate-high eco-geological vulnerability account for 50.14%, although no areas suffer extreme eco-geological vulnerability. The areas not suffering eco-geological vulnerability and those with slight eco-geological vulnerability are concentrated in the Anning River valley and the Qionghai Lake Basin, while the areas with moderate-high eco-geological vulnerability are mainly distributed in the Maoniu Mountain area in the western part of Xichang City and the Luoji Mountain area in the southeastern part of the city. Overall, the whole city includes five areas with eco-geological vulnerability, namely two areas with slight eco-geological vulnerability in the Anning River Valley (I) and Daqing (II), one area with moderate eco-geological vulnerability in the Baru-Ma’anshan area (III), and two areas with high eco-geological vulnerability on the western slope of the Luoji mountain (Ⅳ) and in the Maoniu Mountain (Ⅴ). Different ecological protection and restoration schemes and different development and construction measures should be implemented for different eco-geologically vulnerable areas in the city.

Key words： eco-geology vulnerability evaluation and zoning Xichang City

收稿日期: 2021-01-13 出版日期: 2021-12-23

ZTFLH:

TP79

基金资助:中国地质调查局项目“大凉山区生态地质调查”(DD20190542)

通讯作者: 欧阳渊

作者简介: 张景华(1978-),男,学士,高级工程师,从事遥感与生态地质调查与研究工作。Email: zjinghua@mail.cgs.gov.cn。

引用本文:

张景华, 欧阳渊, 刘洪, 黄瀚霄, 张腾蛟, 李富, 李樋. 基于主控要素的生态地质脆弱性评价——以四川省西昌市为例[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2021, 33(4): 181-191.
ZHANG Jinghua, OUYANG Yuan, LIU Hong, HUANG Hanxiao, ZHANG Tengjiao, LI Fu, LI Tong. Eco-geological vulnerability assessment based on major controlling factors: A case study of Xichang City, Sichuan Province. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2021, 33(4): 181-191.

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https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2021012 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2021/V33/I4/181

Fig.1 西昌市地质简图
1.第四系: 冲洪积物; 2.新近系-第四系昔格达组: 粉砂岩; 3.白垩-古近系雷打树组: 粉砂岩、泥岩为主; 4.中下白垩统小坝组: 粉砂质泥岩、泥岩为主; 5.下白垩统飞天山组: 粉砂岩、泥岩为主; 6.侏罗系官沟组、牛滚凼组、新村组、益门组: 泥岩、粉砂岩为主; 7.上三叠统宝顶组: 长石石英砂岩为主; 8.上三叠统白果湾组: 长石石英砂岩为主; 9.上三叠统大荞地组: 长石石英砂岩为主; 10.上三叠统丙南组: 板岩为主; 11.上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩组: 玄武岩为主; 12.中二叠统阳新组: 灰岩为主; 13.上石炭统黄龙组: 灰岩、泥质灰岩、白云岩为主; 14.泥盆系干沟组、烂泥箐组、曲靖组: 灰岩、白云岩为主; 15.志留系稗子田组: 灰岩、白云岩、钙质页岩为主; 16.寒武系: 筇竹寺组、沧浪铺组,粉砂岩、泥岩为主; 17.震旦-寒武系灯影组: 白云岩为主; 18.震旦系观音崖组: 灰岩、泥岩为主; 19.上元古界列古六组: 酸性火山碎屑岩; 20.上元古界开建桥组: 酸性火山碎屑岩; 21.晚三叠世黑云母花岗岩; 22.晚三叠世钠闪石英正长岩; 23.晚三叠世钠闪花岗岩; 24.晚三叠世钠闪正长岩; 25.晚二叠世辉长岩; 26.新元古代花岗岩; 27.新元古代英云闪长岩; 28.新元古代花岗闪长岩; 29.新元古代石英闪长岩; 30.新元古代二长花岗岩; 31.新元古代闪长岩; 32.新元古代辉长岩; 33.中元古代花岗岩; 34.断裂带; 35.韧性剪切带

Tab.1 西昌市生态地质脆弱性评价指标

Tab.2 数据来源与描述

Fig.2 西昌市生态地质脆弱性单因子评价图

Tab.3 西昌市生态地质脆弱性评价判断矩阵与层次排序^①

Fig.3 西昌市生态地质脆弱性评价图

Tab.4 西昌市生态地质脆弱性面积统计

Fig.4 西昌市生态地质脆弱性分区图

生态地质脆弱性分区	面积/ km²	占比/ %	涉及乡镇	生态地质背景	主要生态地质问题	生态保护与建设重点	产业开发策略
安宁河谷生态地质轻度脆弱区(Ⅰ)	851.75	32.08	月华、礼州、兴胜、响水、樟木箐、安宁、西乡、四合、太和、小庙、裕隆、马道、西郊、川兴、大兴、高草、经久、海南、洛古波、西溪、佑军、黄联关、中坝	生态地质脆弱性以轻度脆弱为主,安宁河谷地带不脆弱; 地貌主要为中山宽谷平原和构造侵蚀剥蚀中山; 出露地层主要为第四系冲洪积物、昔格达组和白垩系小坝组; 安宁河断裂带和则木河断裂带纵贯全区	水土流失、地质灾害	加强工业“三废”污染的防治,加快污水处理设施建设,对大气污染进行重点监控,加强城郊面源污染的治理,做好城区和郊区景观生态建设和保护,保护好邛海湿地及其水质	工农业综合开发,安宁河谷发展生态农业; 在工业发展和城市发展过程中,发展循环经济和清洁产业; 依托邛海发展生态旅游业
大箐生态地质轻度脆弱区(Ⅱ)	128.48	4.84	大箐、安哈	生态地质脆弱性以轻度脆弱为主; 地貌主要为构造侵蚀剥蚀中山; 出露地层主要为三叠系白果湾组、侏罗系和白垩系小坝组; 则木河断裂带纵贯全区	水土流失	保育好中亚热带常绿针叶、阔叶林生态系统,维护森林生态系统的水源涵养、水土保持和生物多样性维持的功能,为邛海的生态安全、水源保证做出重要贡献	以保护为主,适当发展生态林业
巴汝—马鞍山生态地质中度脆弱区(Ⅲ)	333.50	12.56	巴汝、马鞍山	生态地质脆弱性以中度脆弱为主; 地貌主要为构造侵蚀剥蚀中山,少量构造侵蚀剥蚀高山; 出露地层主要为三叠系宝顶组、侏罗系和白垩系小坝组; 磨盘山—昔格达断裂带纵贯全区	水土流失、地质灾害、植被退化	维护和恢复山地森林生态系统,加强植树造林,以改善森林结构,提高水源涵养能力和水土保持能力	以保护为主,适当发展生态林业、牧业,重点维护和恢复山地森林生态系统,改善林业生态环境,从而促进区域经济持续发展
螺髻山西坡生态地质高度脆弱区(Ⅳ)	189.47	7.14	黄水、安哈	生态地质脆弱性以高度脆弱为主; 地貌主要为构造侵蚀剥蚀中山,少量构造侵蚀剥蚀高山; 出露地层主要为震旦系灯影组、南华系开建桥组、青白口-南华系苏雄组; 断裂发育	水土流失、地质灾害	着重于生态恢复和水土流失治理,保护地质环境,降低地质灾害的发生频率,陡坡地区森林生态系统水源涵养功能对保证安宁河的稳定和安全十分重要,必须通过山地自然生态恢复与维护来增强水源涵养能力	以保护为主,适当发展生态林业
牦牛山生态地质高度脆弱区(Ⅴ)	1151.80	43.38	民胜、琅环、银厂、开元、白马、磨盘、荞地、阿七	生态地质脆弱性以高度脆弱为主; 地貌主要为构造侵蚀剥蚀中山,少量构造侵蚀剥蚀高山; 出露地层从震旦系到侏罗系,岩性复杂多样; 断裂发育,箐河—金河断裂带和盘山—昔格达断裂带纵贯全区	水土流失、地质灾害、植被退化	着重于生态恢复和水土流失治理,保护地质环境,降低地质灾害的发生频率,陡坡地区森林生态系统水源涵养功能对保证雅砻江的稳定和安全十分重要,必须通过山地自然生态恢复与维护来增强水源涵养能力; 加强生态公益林的建设和保育,对生态公益林逐步进行改造与建设,使其向常绿阔叶林演化,提高其生态保护和水源涵养的功效	以保护为主,适当发展生态林业

Tab.5 西昌市生态地质脆弱性分区与保护建议

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