机载LiDAR技术在缓倾地层滑坡及其拉裂槽识别中的应用

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2021360

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摘要

缓倾地层滑坡是我国西南地区常见的一种特殊灾害类型,拉裂槽为其典型识别标志。由于灾害源区植被茂密、地形复杂,常规地面调查或遥感手段均存在局限性,较难高效、有效地对其进行识别提取。作为新兴遥感技术之一的机载激光雷达(light detection and ranging, LiDAR)技术及其数据可视化分析方法为缓倾地层滑坡的准确识别提供了新的解决方案。利用无人机搭载长测程LiDAR可获取高分辨率数字高程模型,结合空天视域因子、系列山体阴影图和三维形态模拟等多种可视化方法,可实现缓倾地层滑坡及其拉裂槽的有效识别。文章以四川省北部通江县春在镇周边作为研究区,选取糯鼓寨村南部新识别滑坡隐患作为典型案例,利用综合遥感识别方法,实现基于机载LiDAR数据的滑坡隐患识别标志构建、边界准确判识、拉裂槽位置识别及信息提取,结合野外核查验证结果,从定性和定量2个方面验证机载LiDAR技术对高植被区缓倾地层滑坡及其拉裂槽识别应用的有效性。相关研究结果对缓倾地层滑坡多发区的灾害隐患早期识别、监测及防治领域应用研究具一定的参考和借鉴价值。

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关键词 ：缓倾地层滑坡, 拉裂槽, 机载激光雷达, 高分辨率数字高程模型, 可视化分析

Abstract：

Flat landslides, typically characterized by crack grooves, are a common type of special disasters in southwestern China. However, the dense vegetation and complex terrain in disaster-developed areas limit the efficiency of conventional ground or remote sensing (RS) survey methods in the identification and extraction of disaster information. As one of the emerging remote sensing technologies, the airborne LiDAR technology and its data visualization analysis methods provide a new solution for the accurate identification of flat landslides. First, the high resolution digital elevation model (HRDEM) can be obtained using the UAV airborne LiDAR. Then, the HRDEM can be combined with visualization methods including sky view factor (SVF), hillshades, and 3D morphology simulation for the effective identification of flat landslides and their crack grooves. This study investigated the newly identified landslide hazard in the southern part of Nuoguzhai Village, Chunzai Town, Tongjiang County, northern Sichuan Province. The comprehensive RS identification method was used to realize the construction of landslide identification signs, the determination of the landslide boundary, the identification of crack groove position, and information extraction based on airborne LiDAR data. Combined with the results of field surveys, the effectiveness of the airborne LiDAR technology for the identification of flat landslides and their crack grooves in highly vegetation-covered areas was verified from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The related study results can be used as a reference for the early identification, monitoring, and prevention of flat landslides.

Key words： flat landslides crack groove airborne LiDAR HRDEM visual analysis

收稿日期: 2021-11-01 出版日期: 2022-12-27

ZTFLH:

P694

基金资助:四川省自然资源厅地质灾害调查项目“四川省地质灾害隐患遥感识别监测(2021年)”(510201202110324);“四川省地质灾害隐患遥感识别监测(2020年)”(510201202076888)

通讯作者: 郭兆成(1979-),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事地质灾害遥感研究工作。Email: guozc@agrs.cn。

作者简介: 贺鹏(1986-),男,博士,工程师,主要从事环境地质、地质灾害遥感研究工作。Email: hepeng@mail.cgs.gov.cn。

引用本文:

贺鹏, 颜瑜严, 文艳, 马志刚, 焦其松, 郭兆成, 莫悠. 机载LiDAR技术在缓倾地层滑坡及其拉裂槽识别中的应用[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2022, 34(4): 307-316.
HE Peng, YAN Yuyan, WEN Yan, MA Zhigang, JIAO Qisong, GUO Zhaocheng, MO You. Application of the airborne LiDAR technology in the identification of flat landslides and their crack grooves. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2022, 34(4): 307-316.

链接本文:

https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2021360 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2022/V34/I4/307

Fig.1 研究区位置及遥感影像

Tab.1 点云参数对比

Fig.2 机载LiDAR激光点云及产品

Fig.3 缓倾地层滑坡综合遥感识别标志

Fig.4 SVF可视化方法对缓倾地层滑坡边界的识别及结果

Fig.5 滑坡拉裂槽系列山体阴影图及识别结果

Fig.6 滑坡拉裂槽三维形态特征

Fig.7 实地调查复核点位示意图

Fig.8 糯鼓寨村滑坡拉裂槽实地调查照片

Fig.9 滑坡中部被破坏房屋及地面照片

Fig.10 滑坡右侧壁中部被破坏设施照片

Fig.11 滑坡左侧壁中下部拉裂缝照片

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