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Remote Sensing for Land & Resources    2019, Vol. 31 Issue (3) : 183-192     DOI: 10.6046/gtzyyg.2019.03.23
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Geological disaster hazard assessment in Yanchi County based on AHP
Xiaodong ZHANG1,2, Xiangnan LIU1(), Zhipeng ZHAO2, Dan WU3,4, Wenzhong WU2, Xiaodong CHU2
1. School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. Ningxia Geological Survey Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
3. College of Resources and Environmental Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
4. Ningxia Institute of Remote Sensing Survey and Mapping(Ningxia Remote Sensing Center), Yinchuan 750021, China
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Abstract  

In order to discuss the regional hazard assessment method of geological disaster, the authors, based on the comprehensive study of hazard-formative environments of Yanchi County, extracted twelve conditioning factors, i.e., strata, lithology, soil, land use type, slope, aspect, topographic wetness index (TWI), stream power index (SPI), distance to river, distance to road, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and precipitation in the evaluation and information of factors by employing GIS with remote sensing data and geological data. Then the judgment matrix of conditioning factors and factor classes were constructed by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, and geological disaster hazard index (GDHI) was built. Finally the geological disaster hazard of Yanchi County was assessed and the resulted hazard map was classified into five classes, including very low, low, moderate, high and very high hazard. Meanwhile validation of the hazard map was performed using success rate curve and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) technique. The results are as follows: ①The area percentage of very low and low class accounts for 34% and 28% respectively, mainly distributed among the middle and north of hill region; the area percentage of moderate class accounts for 25%, mainly distributed in the area of Mahuang Mountain, western Wanglejing and two sides of the main roads; the area percentage of high and very high class accounts for 12% and 1% respectively, mainly distributed in the area on two sides of rivers and Mahuang Mountain. ②The area under curve (AUC) value of success rate curve and ROC is 0.77 and 0.89 respectively, which shows a reasonable validation accuracy of hazard assessment. At the same time, disaster density shows the characteristics of a continuing increase in the density values from the very low class to the very high class, and the density of the very high hazard class has maximum value with 1.076/km 2. ③AHP method was successfully used to assess the geological disaster hazard of Yanchi County and AHP is suitable for hazard mapping in this region. The evaluation results could provide a reference for the prevention and control of geological disasters in Yanchi County.

Keywords geological hazard      hazard assessment      analytic hierarchy process(AHP)      Yanchi County     
:  TP753  
Corresponding Authors: Xiangnan LIU     E-mail: liuxn@cugb.edu.cn
Issue Date: 30 August 2019
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Xiaodong ZHANG
Xiangnan LIU
Zhipeng ZHAO
Dan WU
Wenzhong WU
Xiaodong CHU
Cite this article:   
Xiaodong ZHANG,Xiangnan LIU,Zhipeng ZHAO, et al. Geological disaster hazard assessment in Yanchi County based on AHP[J]. Remote Sensing for Land & Resources, 2019, 31(3): 183-192.
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https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/10.6046/gtzyyg.2019.03.23     OR     https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/Y2019/V31/I3/183
Fig.1  Geological disasters conditioning factors
Fig.2  Relationships between conditioning factors and geological disasters
N RI N RI N RI
1 0 6 1.24 11 1.51
2 0 7 1.32 12 1.53
3 0.58 8 1.41 13 1.56
4 0.90 9 1.45 14 1.57
5 1.12 10 1.49 15 1.59
Tab.1  Average random consistency index
评价因子 地层 土壤 岩组 土地利
用类型		 降水量 坡度 坡向 TWI SPI 距河流
距离		 距道路
距离		 NDVI 权重 CR λmax
地层 1 0.093 3 0.086 4 13.45
土壤 1/4 1 0.041 7
岩组 1/2 2 1 0.065 8
土地利用类型 1/2 2 1/3 1 0.077 0
降水量 1/2 1 1 1/2 1 0.096 3
坡度 4 4 5 3 1 1 0.160 7
坡向 1/4 1 1/3 1/3 1/4 1/2 1 0.030 2
TWI 1/2 1 2 1/3 1/4 1/4 2 1 0.050 6
SPI 1/3 1/2 1/2 1/4 1/5 1/5 2 1/3 1 0.028 3
距河流距离 4 4 5 4 3 3 5 5 5 1 0.232 9
距道路距离 3 3 3 2 1/2 1/2 3 2 3 1/3 1 0.104 1
NDVI 1/4 1/3 1/4 1/5 1/5 1/6 1/2 1/4 1/2 1/5 1/3 1 0.019 1
Tab.2  Refers AHP scores of factors, weight, CR and maximum eigenvalue
因子 因子类型 权重 CR λmax 因子 因子类型 权重 CR λmax
地层 全新统 0.108 0.031 10.415 岩组 坚硬岩组 0.089 0.053 4.144
更新统 0.296 较坚硬岩组 0.126
新近系 0.091 较软弱岩组 0.262
古近系 0.091 软弱岩组 0.523
白垩系 0.234 TWI [9,13) 0.060 0.028 5.127
侏罗系 0.036 [13,16) 0.095
三叠系 0.036 [16,20) 0.155
二叠系 0.036 [20,23) 0.239
奥陶系 0.036 [23,27] 0.451
中元古界 0.036 SPI [2.7,5) 0.062 0.015 5.068
土壤 风沙土 0.250 0.000 2.000 [5,7) 0.097
黄绵土 0.750 [7,9) 0.160
土地利用
类型		 耕地 0.161 0.046 6.286 [9,11) 0.263
草地 0.076 [11,19] 0.418
居民及工矿用地 0.166 距河流距离/m [0,200) 0.383 0.020 6.123
水体 0.082 [200,400) 0.250
裸地 0.404 [400,600) 0.160
沙地 0.111 [600,800) 0.101
坡度/(°) [0,5) 0.047 0.020 8.201 [800,1 000) 0.064
[5,10) 0.055 >1 000 0.042
[10,15) 0.067 距道路距离/m [0,100) 0.470 0.070 5.314
[15,20) 0.090 [100,200) 0.262
[20,25) 0.113 [200,300) 0.144
[25,30) 0.149 [300,400) 0.079
[30,35) 0.168 >400 0.045
[35,50] 0.311 NDVI [0,0.1) 0.062 0.018 5.079
坡向 平地 0.028 0.060 9.691 [0.1,0.2) 0.348
北向 0.271 [0.2,0.3) 0.319
东北 0.118 [0.3,0.4) 0.188
东向 0.063 [0.4,1] 0.083
东南 0.072 降水量 [207,240) 0.075 0.029 5.129
南向 0.199 [240,263) 0.112
西南 0.083 [263,286) 0.119
西向 0.083 [286,313) 0.231
西北 0.083 [313,343] 0.463
Tab.3  Weight,CR and maximum eigenvalue of factor classes
Fig.3  Hazard assessment zonation of geological disasters in Yanchi County
Fig.4  Accuracy validation of assessment results for AHP
危险区分级 灾害点数量/个 面积/km2 密度/(个·km-2)
极低危险区 2 2 241.42 0.001
低危险区 6 1 925.18 0.003
中危险区 39 1 675.31 0.023
高危险区 105 842.26 0.125
极高危险区 79 73.45 1.076
Tab.4  Geological disasters density in different classes of hazard assessment map
Fig.5  Typical geological disasters photos in high and very high hazard class of Yanchi County
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