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Remote Sensing for Natural Resources    2022, Vol. 34 Issue (3) : 164-172     DOI: 10.6046/zrzyyg.2021329
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ICESat-2 data-based monitoring of 2018—2021 variations in the water levels of lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
MA Shanmu1,2(), GAN Fuping3(), WU Huaichun1,2, YAN Bokun3
1. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
3. China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China
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Abstract  

The variation in the water levels of lakes is an important indicator for the study of changes in climate and ecological environment and water resources rating. It was previously difficult for altimetry satellites to monitor small and medium-sized lakes, but the newly launched ICESat-2 satellite can improve the monitoring comprehensiveness and precision of lakes’ water levels. Based on the data coverage of ICESat-2 satellite land observation products, the high-precision dynamic monitoring of water levels was conducted for 473 lakes covering an area greater than 1 km2 in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from October 2018 to April 2021. The spatio-temporal variations of water levels of these lakes were analyzed from three aspects: the overall variations in the water levels of lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the basin-scaled and regional variations in the water levels of lakes, and the monthly or quarterly variation trends of water levels of typical lakes. The study results are as follows. In the past three years, the water levels of lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau continuously rose, with an average annual rate of variation of 0.013 m/a. The water levels of large, medium-sized, and small lakes rose significantly, rose gently, and dropped slightly, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, the water levels of lakes in each basin generally showed an upward trend, and most of the lakes with declining water levels had relatively high elevations. During the monitoring period, the water level of Siling Co Lake rose by 1 m and that of Kering Tso Lake declined by 1 m. This study provides the latest monitoring data on the water levels of some lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which are conducive to the study of dynamic variation monitoring of lakes.
Keywords lake level      spatio-temporal variation      ICESat-2 satellite      Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     
ZTFLH:  TP79  
Corresponding Authors: GAN Fuping     E-mail: mashanmu@163.com;fpgan@aliyun.com
Issue Date: 21 September 2022
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Shanmu MA
Fuping GAN
Huaichun WU
Bokun YAN
Cite this article:   
Shanmu MA,Fuping GAN,Huaichun WU, et al. ICESat-2 data-based monitoring of 2018—2021 variations in the water levels of lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2022, 34(3): 164-172.
URL:  
https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2021329     OR     https://www.gtzyyg.com/EN/Y2022/V34/I3/164
Fig.1  Technical route
湖泊名称 月水位重
复数/个		 相关系数 均方根
误差/m
扎日南木措 29 0.776 0.171
赤布张错 21 0.834 0.194
昂孜错 22 0.846 0.152
色林错 31 0.717 0.232
兹格塘错 9 0.122 0.263
阿雅格库 26 0.752 0.237
纳木错 28 0.613 0.264
格仁错 27 0.795 0.343
多格错仁强错 18 0.870 0.077
鄂陵湖 22 0.798 0.293
青海湖 21 0.736 0.247
可可西里湖 20 0.957 0.102
勒斜武担错 21 0.934 0.152
达则错 20 0.925 0.141
阿其克库勒湖 20 0.884 0.256
吐错 16 0.933 0.098
乌兰乌拉湖 23 0.596 0.124
哈拉湖 19 0.913 0.171
Tab.1  Comparison between the ICESat-2 time series and the Hydroweb and G-REALM water levels
湖泊名称 ICESat-2水位 Hydroweb水位
最大值 最小值 均值 最大值 最小值 均值
扎日南木错 0.17 0.02 0.06 0.08 0.03 0.04
赤布张错 0.13 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.01 0.03
昂孜错 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.36 0.01 0.05
色林错 0.19 0.04 0.10 0.08 0.02 0.04
兹格塘错 0.10 0.02 0.05 1.10 0.16 0.35
阿雅格库 0.13 0.02 0.04 0.16 0.02 0.07
纳木错 0.14 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.02 0.04
格仁错 0.08 0.01 0.04 0.65 0.03 0.12
多格错仁强错 0.09 0.01 0.04 0.07 0 0.03
鄂陵湖 0.12 0.01 0.07 0.24 0.03 0.08
青海湖 0.10 0.04 0.07 0.27 0.02 0.10
可可西里湖 0.10 0.01 0.05 0.16 0.03 0.07
勒斜武担错 0.08 0.02 0.04 1.00 0.02 0.12
达则错 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.25 0.01 0.04
阿其克库勒湖 0.24 0.03 0.13 0.14 0.03 0.08
吐错 0.10 0.01 0.05 0.29 0.04 0.21
乌兰乌拉湖 0.20 0.01 0.11 1.36 0.12 0.23
哈拉湖 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.18 0.09 0.13
Tab.2  Comparison between the Hydroweb water levels and water levels obtained from ICESat-2 data(m)
Fig.2  Distribution of lake level change trends of the lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
湖泊面积范围/km2 湖泊数量/个 年均变化率/
(m·a-1)		 上升湖泊数量/个 年均上升率/
(m·a-1)		 下降湖泊数量/个 年均下降率/
(m·a-1)
>500 12 0.017 10 0.023 2 -0.017
[200,500] 25 0.008 16 0.021 9 -0.015
[100,200) 33 0.010 20 0.025 13 -0.014
[50,100) 52 0.005 31 0.017 21 -0.011
[10,50) 141 -0.002 64 0.017 77 -0.018
[1,10) 210 -0.001 80 0.026 130 -0.017
Tab.3  Lake level change trends of 473 lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(2018—2021)
Fig.3  Histogram of lake level change trends of the lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Fig.4  Distribution of lake level change trends of the lakes in the Inner Plateau
Fig.5  Proportion of different changing trends of lake level in each basin
流域 湖泊数量/个 上升湖泊
数量/个		 年均上升
率/(m·a-1)		 上升湖泊总
面积/km2		 下降湖泊
数量/个		 年均下降
率/(m·a-1)		 下降湖泊总
面积/km2
柴达木流域 18 10 0.024 673 8 -0.009 315
长江源流域 35 23 0.017 277 12 -0.005 325
黄河源流域 15 9 0.025 121 6 -0.012 1 204
青海湖流域 2 2 0.015 4 391 0 — —
雅鲁藏布江流域 18 7 0.027 71 11 -0.015 93
印度河流域 18 9 0.015 826 9 -0.008 610
内高原北部流域 121 50 0.019 6 127 71 -0.019 2 240
内高原中部流域 126 49 0.016 3 816 77 -0.021 1 825
内高原南部流域 102 54 0.029 9 628 48 -0.012 2 789
河西走廊流域 3 3 0.031 612 0 — —
恒河流域 7 3 0.054 29 4 -0.017 50
Tab.4  Lake level change trends of the lakes of each basin in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(2018—2021)
Fig.6  Changes of water level of typical lakes from 2018 to 2021
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