20世纪80年代以来盐城滨海湿地互花米草扩张时空轨迹及对景观格局的影响

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2023325

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摘要

该文以盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区核心区为案例区,以1983—2021年12期遥感影像为数据源,将景观生态学方法和GIS技术相结合,探究研究区互花米草时空轨迹及其对景观格局的影响,结果如下: ①1983—2021年,互花米草扩张明显,面积增加了12.365倍; 依次经历了初始扩张阶段、加速增长阶段、停滞增长阶段,即将进入治理消除阶段; 互花米草面积与时间线性关系显著。②互花米草时空轨迹呈现3组团特征,1983年、1988年、1992年和1997年为西部组团,以向东南方向移动为主; 2000年、2002年、2006年和2009年为东部组团,以向东北方向移动为主,这2个组团都表现出向海的趋势; 2011年、2014年、2017年和2021年为中部组团,方向上虽表现出无序性,但有明显向陆的趋势。③互花米草扩张对区域景观结构变化的累积贡献率为43.352%,与互花米草面积扩张阶段一致,又表现出“低→高→低”的3个阶段。互花米草面积与区域景观格局指数显著相关; 互花米草景观格局与区域景观格局相关明显,类型尺度的最大斑块指数(largest patch index, LPI)、总边缘长度(total edge, TE)、边缘密度(edge density, ED)、面积加权平均分维度(fractal dimension index of area-weighted mean, FRAC_AM)与区域景观格局指数在0.01水平下显著相关; 互花米草面积与栖息地生境质量呈显著负相关。结果表明,互花米草扩张对景观格局与功能影响深刻,互花米草治理必须因地制宜。

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	徐雅
	张华兵

关键词 ：互花米草, 时空轨迹, 景观格局, 景观变化贡献率, 盐城滨海湿地

Abstract：

This study investigated the core area of the Jiangsu Yancheng Wetland National Reserve of Rare Birds based on 12 remote sensing images from 1983 to 2021 as data sources. Specifically, this study explored the spatiotemporal trajectory of Spartina alterniflora expansion and its impact on landscape patterns by combining landscape ecology methods with geographical information system (GIS) technology. The results show that from 1983 to 2021, Spartina alterniflora expanded significantly, leading to a 12.365 fold area increase. It experienced initial expansion, accelerated growth, and stagnation stages, which would be succeeded by the control and elimination stage. Its distribution area manifested a significant linear relationship with time. Its spatiotemporal trajectory was characterized by the migration of the western, eastern, and central clusters. In 1983, 1988, 1992, and 1997, the western clusters migrated primarily toward the southeast. In 2000, 2002, 2006, and 2009, the eastern clusters migrated principally toward the northeast. Both the western and eastern clusters showed a seaward trend. In 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2021, the central clusters displayed a significant landward trend despite disorderly migration. Spartina alterniflora expansion resulted in a cumulative contribution rate of 43.352% to regional landscape structure changes. Its contribution was consistent with its expansion stages, showing a low-high-low pattern. The area of Spartina alterniflora was significantly correlated with the regional landscape pattern index. The landscape pattern of Spartina alterniflora was significantly correlated with the regional landscape pattern, with significant correlations between type-scale indices, including largest patch index (LPI), total edge (TE), edge density (ED), and fractal dimension index of area-weighted mean (FRAC_ AM), and the regional landscape pattern index at the significance level of 0.01. However, the area of Spartina alterniflora was significantly negatively correlated with habitat quality. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the expansion of Spartina alterniflora profoundly affects landscape patterns and functions, warranting control according to local conditions.

Key words： Spartina alterniflora spatiotemporal trajectory landscape pattern rate of contribution to landscape change Yancheng coastal wetland

收稿日期: 2023-10-31 出版日期: 2025-05-09

ZTFLH:	TP79
	K903

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目“人工围堰和互花米草扩张下海滨湿地景观生境质量演变机制研究”(41771199);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目“苏北农业农村现代化发展现状、障碍识别及实现路径研究”(2021SJA1892);盐城市基础研究计划项目“基于生态网络的盐城滨海湿地生态安全格局构建”(YCBK202233)

通讯作者: 张华兵(1979-),男,博士,教授,主要从事湿地景观生态研究。Email: jszhbing@163.com。

作者简介: 徐雅(1988-),女,硕士,实验师,主要从事湿地生态研究。Email: xeniayy@126.com。

引用本文:

徐雅, 张华兵. 20世纪80年代以来盐城滨海湿地互花米草扩张时空轨迹及对景观格局的影响[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2025, 37(2): 246-255.
XU Ya, ZHANG Huabing. Spatiotemporal trajectory of Spartina alterniflora expansion and its impact on landscape patterns in the Yancheng coastal wetland since the 1980s. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(2): 246-255.

链接本文:

https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2023325 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2025/V37/I2/246

Fig.1 研究区位置

Fig.2 决策树分类

Fig.3 研究区景观变化

Fig.4 互花米草面积与时间的线性关系

Tab.1 互花米草景观格局指数变化

$r$	LPI	TE	ED	AI	FRAC_AM	LSI
互花米草	0.982^**①	0.834^**	0.836^**	0.821^**	0.814^**	0.145

Tab.2 互花米草面积与其景观格局的相关性

Fig.5 互花米草时空轨迹

Tab.3 互花米草扩张对景观结构变化的贡献率

$r$	LPI	TE	ED	AI	FRAC_AM	LSI	SHDI
互花米草	-0.914^**①	0.741^**	0.742^**	-0.706^*	0.709^**	0.741^**	0.915^**

Tab.4 互花米草面积与区域景观格局的相关性

Tab.5 互花米草景观格局与区域景观格局的相关性

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