Spatiotemporal response of wetland landscape to urban expansion in Phnom Penh, Cambodia determined based on remote sensing
DONG Li1,2(), AN Na3, SUN Genyun1,2, ZHANG Aizhu1,2(), JIAO Zhijun1,2, DING Sunjinyan1,2, GE Jie4
1. College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China 2. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China 3. China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Bejing 100083, China 4. Sichuan Institute of Land Science and Technology, Sichuan Center of Satellite Application Technology, Chengdu 610045, China
Phnom Penh is a typical city in the Lancang-Mekong River basin. It has rapidly developed and expanded under the Belt and Road Initiative and has continuously invaded its surrounding wetlands. To fully understand the response of the wetland landscape to the urban expansion in Phnom Penh, this study extracted the 2000—2020 land use data of this city from five phases of Landsat images, then analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of the changes in wetland landscapes and the land use for urban expansion from the aspects of area change, spatial distribution, change intensity, and landscape pattern, and finally established the quantitative relationships between the wetland landscape and the land use for urban expansion using the correlation coefficient. The results are as follows. The construction land and bare land in Phnom Penh had expanded outwards from the center, and their sizes had constantly increased during 2000—2020, especially during 2001—2005. Their spatial structures were increasingly concentrated, and the shapes were more complex. The wetland area continuously decreased, and the swamps and paddy fields were converted to construction land and bare land intensively. In particular, swamps with an area of 124.06 km2 were converted to construction land and bare land. In other words, about one-third of the swamps disappeared. The wetland landscape tended to be distributed in a fragmented and regularized manner. Its connectivity degree decreased and its ecological functions such as lowering the temperature, increasing the humidity, and regulating and storing floodwater were weakened. These changes in the wetland in Phnom Penh are significantly related to urban expansion, with a correlation coefficient in terms of area greater than 0.97 (p < 0.01). There is also a strong correlation between the intensity of the urban expansion and the wetland landscape pattern. To maintain the sustainable development of the city, it is necessary to reasonably plan the spatial layout in the process of urban expansion. The urban expansion should be conducted mainly through intensive development, paddy fields should be utilized first if necessary, and the occupation and destruction of swamps and wetlands should be avoided as much as possible.
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2022, Vol. 34 
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