川西可尔因稀有金属矿集区遥感地质找矿应用

doi:10.6046/zrzyyg.2023336

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摘要

川西可尔因稀有金属矿集区位于松潘—甘孜成矿带东段,拥有丰富的花岗伟晶岩型锂、铌、铍、钽等稀有金属矿产资源,是我国继新疆阿尔泰可可托海式花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿集区、川西甲基卡式花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿集区、川西九龙花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿集区之外的又一处硬岩型稀有金属矿最集中的产地之一。矿集区属构造剥蚀深切割高山区,因交通不便、植被覆盖茂密、地形陡峭等因素绝大多数地段人员无法到达,传统地质调查存在一定的局限性。以川西可尔因稀有金属矿集区内已有矿床中含矿花岗伟晶岩脉在高分辨率遥感影像图上的影像特征和解译标志为基础,对矿集区进行花岗伟晶岩脉室内解译及部分野外验证,掌握了川西可尔因稀有金属矿集区内花岗伟晶岩脉的分布规律及特征: 稀有金属矿以花岗伟晶岩脉为载体,在可尔因复式岩体边缘0~5 km范围内的断裂带及围岩裂隙等构造薄弱处侵入; 提出了出露于地表的花岗伟晶岩脉及转石是找稀有金属矿最直接的标志; 建立了川西可尔因稀有金属矿集区高植被覆盖区遥感地质找矿方法,有效弥补了传统地质找矿的不足; 在可尔因复式岩体北部及北西部划分了3处重点找矿地段,确定了新一轮找矿突破战略行动方向。

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关键词 ：可尔因岩体, 稀有金属矿集区, 遥感地质, 花岗伟晶岩脉

Abstract：

The Ke’eryin rare metal ore concentration area in the western Sichuan Basin (also referred to as the Ke’eryin ore concentration area), located in the eastern segment of the Songpan-Ganzi metallogenic belt, boasts abundant granitic pegmatite-hosted rare metal resources like lithium, niobium, beryllium, and tantalum. It stands as one of the most concentrated areas for hard-rock rare metal deposits in China, following the granitic pegmatite-type rare metal ore concentration areas in the Koktokay area in Altay in Xinjiang, and the Jiajika and Jiulong areas in the western Sichuan Basin. The Ke’eryin ore concentration area is characterized by tectonic denudation and deeply cut high mountains, resulting in inconvenient transportation, dense vegetation, and steep terrains. Consequently, most parts of the area are inaccessible to humans, hindering the implementation of traditional geological surveys. Based on the features and interpretation keys of high-resolution remote sensing images for ore-bearing granitic pegmatite veins in known deposits within the Ke’eryin ore concentration area, this study performed laboratory interpretation and partial field verification of these veins, revealing the distribution patterns and characteristics of granitic pegmatite veins in the area. Rare metal deposits hosted by granitic pegmatite veins intruded into weak structures such as fault zones and surrounding rock fractures within a range of 0 km to 5 km on the margin of the Ke’eryin complex rock mass. The exposed granitic pegmatite veins and boulders were identified as the most direct indicators for locating rare metal deposits. A prospecting method based on remote sensing geology was developed for highly vegetation-covered areas in the Ke’eryin ore concentration area, effectively addressing the limitations of traditional geological prospecting methods. Using the developed method, this study determined three critical prospecting areas in the northern and northwestern portions of the Ke’eryin complex rock mass, establishing them as the targets for subsequent strategic prospecting breakthroughs.

Key words： Ke’eryin rock mass rare metal ore concentration area remote sensing geology granitic pegmatite vein

收稿日期: 2023-11-06 出版日期: 2025-05-09

ZTFLH:

TP79

基金资助:自然资源部新一轮找矿战略行动科技支撑项目“松潘-甘孜锂稀有金属矿关键勘查技术与找矿预测”(ZKKJ202412);四川省地质矿产勘查开发局专项项目“川西可尔因稀有金属矿集区遥感地质找矿应用研究”(SCDZ-KJXM202303)

通讯作者: 张杰(1985-),男,工程硕士,高级工程师,主要从事区域地质(矿产)调查研究。Email: 574076635@qq.com。

作者简介: 史俊波(1983-),男,工程硕士,高级工程师,主要从事区域地质(矿产)调查、遥感地质调查研究。Email: 9121235@qq.com。

引用本文:

史俊波, 张杰, 侯娜, 张辉善, 丁晓平, 杜建军, 朱海洋. 川西可尔因稀有金属矿集区遥感地质找矿应用[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2025, 37(2): 117-127.
SHI Junbo, ZHANG Jie, HOU Na, ZHANG Huishan, DING Xiaoping, DU Jianjun, ZHU Haiyang. Application of remote sensing geology in mineral prospecting in the Ke’eryin rare metal ore concentration area in the western Sichuan Basin. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025, 37(2): 117-127.

链接本文:

https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/10.6046/zrzyyg.2023336 或 https://www.gtzyyg.com/CN/Y2025/V37/I2/117

Fig.1 松潘—甘孜造山带构造图(据参考文献[13]修编)
1.蛇绿混杂岩带; 2.滑脱带; 3.逆冲断层; 4.飞来峰; 5.平移断层; 6.深层高温韧性滑脱剪切带出露范围; 7.褶皱轴线; 8.中生代花岗岩; 9.韧性滑移矢量; Ⅰ.羌塘—昌都陆块; Ⅱ.松潘—甘孜造山带; Ⅲ.扬子陆块; A₁.中咱微板块; A₂.白玉—义敦弧前(间)带; A₃.沙鲁里主弧逆冲断带; B₁.摩天岭逆冲滑脱推覆带; B₂.马尔康北东陆源中央褶皱推覆带; B₃.汶川—丹巴腹地弧形滑脱推覆带; B₄.雅江被动陆源中央褶皱带推覆带; B₅.木里腹陆弧形滑脱推覆带; C₁.龙门山前陆逆冲带; C₂.盐源前陆逆冲带; D₁.甲基卡伟晶岩型稀有金属矿集区; D₂.丹巴伟晶岩型白云母矿集区; D₃.可尔因伟晶岩型稀有金属矿集区; D₄.雪宝顶伟晶岩型稀有金属矿集区; ①金沙江蛇绿混杂岩带; ②定曲—盖玉逆冲断层; ③甘孜—理塘蛇绿混杂岩带; ④鲜水河平移剪切带; ⑤青川逆冲带; ⑥丹巴北缘滑脱带; ⑦龙门山断裂带; ⑧木里断裂带; ⑨北川—映秀断裂带; ⑩金河—箐河断裂带

Fig.2 可尔因稀有金属矿集区岩浆岩分布

Tab.1 花岗伟晶岩脉及其转石遥感解译标志表

Fig.3 已有典型矿床花岗伟晶岩脉解译及野外验证

Fig.4 已有典型矿床花岗伟晶岩转石解译及野外验证

Fig.5 李家沟北锂矿东侧花岗伟晶岩脉及转石解译及野外验证

Fig.6 神山村一带花岗伟晶岩脉解译及野外验证

Fig.7 脚木足地区花岗伟晶岩脉解译及野外验证

Fig.8 喀鲁寺庙北一带花岗伟晶岩脉解译及野外验证

Fig.9 喀鲁寺庙南花岗伟晶岩脉解译及野外验证

Fig.10 遥感地质解译成果附找矿有利地段

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